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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Emphysema Reviewed 5/2013


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BASICS

  • Description
  • Epidemiology
  • Risk Factors
  • General Prevention
  • Pathophysiology
  • Etiology
  • Associated Conditions

DIAGNOSIS

  • History
  • Physical Exam
  • Tests
  • Differential Diagnosis

TREATMENT

  • Medication (Drugs)
  • Additional Treatment
  • Surgery
  • In-patient Considerations

ONGOING CARE

  • Follow-Up Recommendations
  • Diet
  • Patient Education
  • Prognosis
  • Complications
The following is an excerpt....
BASICS
Description
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) encompasses several diffuse pulmonary diseases, including chronic bronchitis, asthma, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, and emphysema:
    • The term usually describes a mixture of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. It is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible, is progressive, and is inflamed (1,2)
  • Chronic bronchitis is defined clinically by increased mucus production and recurrent cough present on most days for at least 3 mo/yr during at least 2 consecutive years.
  • Emphysema, the destruction of interalveolar septa, occurs in the distal or terminal airways and involves both airways and lung parenchyma.
Epidemiology
Incidence

Affects ∼10–20% of adults; >100,000 deaths/yr in the US

Prevalence
  • 14 million people have chronic bronchitis; 2 ...

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Images >
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Fig C 4-13 Chronic bronchitis. Coned view of the right lower lung demonstrates a coarse increase in interstitial markings. The arrows point to the characteristic parallel line shadows ("tramlines") outside the boundary of the pulmonary hilum.Credit: Ronald L. Eisenberg, an atlas of differential diagnosis Fourth Edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2003.
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