The following is an excerpt....
BASICS
Description
- An uncommon and often aggressive nonurothelial malignancy of the bladder
- It carries a poor prognosis, as it is frequently advanced at initial presentation (muscle invasive or metastatic).
Epidemiology
- 0.5–2.0% of all primary bladder cancers.
- Can arise from the urachus or the nonurachal epithelium; is also the most common tumor arising in exstrophy of the bladder.
- A majority of nonurachal-, nonexstrophy-associated adenocarcinomas occur in men, frequently with an associated history of long-term inflammation or infection (it occurs more frequently in areas where schistosomia is endemic).
- Urachal cancers: <1% of primary bladder cancers; ~1/3 of vesical adenocarcinomas.
- Prevalence is unknown
Risk Factors
- Chronic irritation, inflammation, or infection
- Bladder exstrophy
- Schistosomiasis
General Prevention
Avoidance of chronic bladder inflammation
Pathophysiology
- Classification: 3 groups are related to ...
You must be logged in to fully access this content.
Sign up for a 30-Day Free Trial
Sign up for a 30-Day FREE Trial now and receive access to all content.
Have a book code?
Submit your book code to create your account.
