Acute Kidney Injury

Hemidialysis

Microvesicular fatty liver. A liver biopsy specimen in a case of Reye syndrome shows small droplet fat in hepatocytes and centrally located nuclei.

<bold>FIGURE 67-3</bold> <bold>Immune complex glomerulonephritis. A.</bold> Immunofluorescence staining of the glomerulus stained with antibodies directed against C3 showing deposits in the capillary walls and the mesangium. <bold>B.</bold> Electron micrograph of a glomerular tuft revealing electron-dense immune complex deposits in the mesangium (single arrow) and subendothelial capillary space (double arrow). The basement membrane splits to surround the subendothelial d...

<bold>Fig GU 33-1. Chronic renal failure.</bold> Parasagittal sonogram of the right kidney (RK) shows that the echogenicity of renal cortical tissue has increased to such an extent that it is now greater than that of the hepatic parenchyma (L). The renal medullary pyramids (P) are clearly visible in the right kidney. (D, diaphragm; H, head.)²

FIGURE 3-2. Peritoneal dialysis, in which the dialysate is infused into the peritoneal cavity by gravity. (Reprinted with permission from Rosdahl, Kowalski. Textbook of Basic Nursing. 8th Ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins, 2003:1208.)

Fig 13-7. Peritoneal dialysis. A semipermeable membrane richly supplied with small blood vessels lines the peritoneal cavity. With dialysate dwelling in the peritoneal cavity, waste products diffuse from the network of blood vessels into the dialysate.

Hemodialysis.

Hemodialysis, external arteriovenous shunt. Illustration of the medial side of the right arm with an external arteriovenous shunt uses in hemodialysis.

Hemodialysis, internal arteriovenous fistula. Illustration of the medial side of the right arm with an internal arteriovenous fistula used in hemodialysis.

<bold><italic>Figure 19-11</bold> Crescentic glomerulonephritis.</bold> Crescent of epithelial cells proliferates along the parietal rim of the glomerular space and obliterates the glomerulus. Crescentic glomerulonephritis is an anatomic finding in progressively worsening glomerulonephritis of many types. Reprinted with permission from Rubin E. Pathology. 4th ed. Philadelphia. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins‚ 2005.

<bold><italic>Figure 19-12</bold> Membranous glomerulonephritis (light microscopy).</bold> Basement membrane is thickened by immunoglobulin deposits.

Graft for hemodialysis angio access - A self-sealing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) silicone graft is used as an internal bridge (AV fistula) for vascular access in patients requiring maintenance hemodialysis. In the figure the graft bridges the brachial artery to the axillary vein

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: Step 1 After applying a mask, a bag of dialysate is attached to the tube entering the patient's abdominal area so that the fluid flows into the peritoneal cavity. The mask is removed when this step is completed.