Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity; may occur in conditions that cause generalized edema
Refractory ascites; ascitic fluid that recurs after paracentesis or cannot be prev...
Address risk factors (e.g., EtOH use, tuberculosis (TB) exposure, prior malignancies, sexual partners, transfusion history, metabolic syndrome, increased risk of nonalcoholic steatohe...
Daily weight
Restrict dietary sodium to ≤2 g/day if the cause is due to portal hypertension (high SAAG).
Water restriction (1.0 to 1.5 L/day...
Prognosis varies depending on underlying cause.
Ascites in itself is rarely life-threatening but can signify life-threatening underlying disease (e.g., cancer, end-stage liver dis...
Cirrhosis of the Liver; Hepatorenal Syndrome
Algorithms: Congestive Heart Failure: Differential Diagnosis; Nephrotic Syndrome
R18.8 Other ascites
R18.0 Malignant ascites
K70.31 Alcoholic cirrhosis of liver with ascites
K70.11 Alcoholic hepatitis with ascites
389026000 Ascites (disorder)
236005001 Malignant ascite...
Cirrhosis is the most common cause of ascites.
Patients with new-onset ascites or hospitalized patients with ascites should undergo diagnostic paracentesis.
Avoid ACE inhibitors, ARBs, a...
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Chronic hepatitis with cirrhosis. A photomicrograph of the liver from a patient with long-standing chronic active hepatitis B shows hepatocellular nodules and chronically inflamed fibrous septa.
Chronic hepatitis with cirrhosis. A photomicrograph of the liver from a patient with long-standing chronic active hepatitis B shows hepato...
Cirrhosis of the liver. The consequence of chronic hepatic injury is the formation of regenerating nodules separated by bands of fibrous connective tissue (blue).
Cirrhosis of the liver. The consequence of chronic hepatic injury is the formation of regenerating nodules separated by bands of fibrous c...
FIGURE 82.1. Chest radiograph of older child with congestive heart failure. Note cardiac enlargement and evidence of pulmonary venous congestion.
FIGURE 82.1. Chest radiograph of older child with congestive heart failure. Note cardiac enlargement and evidence of pulmonary venous cong...
<bold>Fig C 2-1 Congestive heart failure.</bold> Diffuse bilateral symmetric infiltration of the central portion of the lungs along with relative sparing of the periphery produces the butterfly, or bat's wing, pattern. The margins of the edematous lung are sharply defined. The consolidation is fairly homogeneous and is associated with a well-defined air bronchogram on both sides.<sup>6</sup>
<bold>Fig C 2-1 Congestive heart failure.</bold> Diffuse bilateral symmetric infiltration of the central portion of the lungs ...
<bold><italic>FIGURE 6.64.</bold></bold> Apical four-chamber view recorded in an elderly patient with long-standing mild systemic hypertension and congestive heart failure due to predominantly diastolic dysfunction. Note the evidence of significant atrial enlargement, which is a marker of long-standing diastolic dysfunction. LA, Left atrium; LV, left ventricle; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle
<bold><italic>FIGURE 6.64.</bold></bold> Apical four-chamber view recorded in an elderly patient with long-standin...
<bold>Figure 32-2</bold> Ascites.
<bold>Figure 4.27. Kerley lines in patients with congestive heart failure. A,</bold> AP radiograph shows prominent interstitial markings in both bases with a fine interlacing pattern. <bold>B,</bold> detail view shows the linear horizontal Kerley B-lines in the periphery. <bold>C</bold> and <bold>D,</bold> detail views of two other patients show similar findings.
<bold>Figure 4.27. Kerley lines in patients with congestive heart failure. A,</bold> AP radiograph shows prominent interstitia...
<bold>Figure 5.33. Congestive heart failure and pulmonary edema. A.</bold> Frontal view shows mild pulmonary edema and pulmonary venous engorgement. <bold>B.</bold> Detail view shows the edema and prominent septal (Kerley) lines. <bold>C.</bold> Detail view in another patient shows the prominent horizontal Kerley lines.
<bold>Figure 5.33. Congestive heart failure and pulmonary edema. A.</bold> Frontal view shows mild pulmonary edema and pulmona...
<bold><italic>Figure 16-9</bold> Ascites.</bold>
Alcoholic cirrhosis. The surface of the liver displays innumerable small, regular nodules.
Alcoholic cirrhosis. A photomicrograph shows small regular nodules surrounded by uniform fibrous septa.
Cirrhosis of the liver. The consequence of chronic hepatic injury is the formation of regenerating nodules separated by bands of fibrous co...