A heterogeneous disease characterized as chronic inflammation of the airway (1)
Common triggers: exercise, allergen-irritant exposure, change in weather, laughter, or viral respirato...
More than one symptom such as wheeze, SOB, cough, chest tightness
Symptoms worse at night, vary in time and intensity, worse with common trigg...
Focus on symptom control and prevention of exacerbations.
Use of holding chambers (“spacers”) with inhaled agents improves clinical outcomes.
Written asthma self-management act...
Identify triggers and control exposures.
Consider stepping down treatment once symptoms are controlled for 3 months.
J45.20 Mild intermittent asthma, uncomplicated
J45.52 Severe persistent asthma with status asthmaticus
J45.51 Severe persistent asthma with (acute) exacerbation
J45.902 Unspecified asthma with...
SABA plus ICS or formoterol/ICS is the most effective rescue therapy for acute asthma symptoms.
Holding chambers should be used by all.
ICSs are the preferred long-term control therapy f...
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Asthma. The airways typically show mucus plugging.
Asthma. Mucous plug with intraluminal inflammatory cells and hyperplasia of airway smooth muscle.
Asthma. The inflammatory cell infiltrate, predominantly eosinophils, extends focally into airspaces.
<bold>Figure 35.5</bold> The child with asthma uses a peak flow meter and keeps track of readings on a daily basis.
FIGURE 66.1. Photomicrographs of a sputum sample from an asthmatic patient. All of the micrographs were taken of unstained sputum samples pressed between a cover slip and a clear microscope slide. A sample was observed using the 40X objective and the 10X eyepiece. The final magnification of the micrographs is 1860X. (A) The broad arrow points to the brush border of a ciliated epithelial cell. Note the cell's apical nucleus and its pointed tail, which serves to fix the cell to the basement m...
FIGURE 66.1. Photomicrographs of a sputum sample from an asthmatic patient. All of the micrographs were taken of unstained sputum samples ...
FIG. 2.2. Pulmonary complications. A: Sublobar atelectasis. Asthmatic child with acute asthma attack. Note area of apparent consolidation in the right paratracheal region (arrows). This represents collapse of one portion of the right upper lobe. A subtler finding assisting interpretation is that the minor fissure is slightly elevated. B: Pneumomediastinum. Asthmatic child with pneumomediastinum with air surrounding the small triangular thymus gland (T), extending as linear sheaths into the ...
FIG. 2.2. Pulmonary complications. A: Sublobar atelectasis. Asthmatic child with acute asthma attack. Note area of apparent consolidation ...
<bold>Figure 4.131. Asthma in a child. A,</bold> frontal and <bold>B,</bold> lateral views show hyperinflation. There is peribronchial cuffing (<i>arrows</i>). Note the flat diaphragm in <bold>B.</bold>
<bold>Figure 4.131. Asthma in a child. A,</bold> frontal and <bold>B,</bold> lateral views show hyperinflation. Th...