Autism Spectrum Disorders

Afsha Rais Kaisani, FAAFP, MD, Tasaduq Hussain Mir, FAAFP, MD and Catherine Kim, MD Reviewed 04/2024

BASICS

DESCRIPTION

Group of neurodevelopmental disorders of early childhood characterized by (i) persistent deficits in social communication and interaction and (ii) restricted, repetitive patterns of ...

DIAGNOSIS

Based on developmental history and behavior.

HISTORY

Listen to parents’ concerns and test early for suspicion of a neurodevelopmental disorder

Impairment in social-emotional reciprocity: Fail...

TREATMENT

Goal of therapy is to improve function and well-being (1).

GENERAL MEASURES

Two categories of evidence-based interventions exist: Comprehensive treatment model (CTM) and focused intervention...

ONGOING CARE

Planning for transition to adulthood should begin around 12-14 years of age, with adaptation for developmental abilities.

FOLLOW-UP RECOMMENDATIONS

Patient Monitoring

Constant monitoring by...

REFERENCES

Hirota T, King BH. Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review. JAMA. 2023;329(2):157–168. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.23661

Hyman SL, Levy SE, Myers SM, et al. Identification, evaluation, and management...

ADDITIONAL READING

Sanchack K, Thomas C. Autism spectrum disorder: primary care principles. Am Fam Physician. 2016;94(12):972–979.

CODES

ICD10

F84.5 Asperger's syndrome
F84 Pervasive developmental disorders
F84.2 Rett's syndrome
F84.3 Other childhood disintegrative disorder
F84.0 Autistic disorder
F84.8 Other pervasive developmental di...

CLINICAL PEARLS

AAP ALARM mnemonic:

ASD is prevalent (screen all children between 18 and 24 months).
Listen to parents when they feel something is wrong.
Act early: Screen children with delayed language...

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