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Babesiosis

Frederick W Nielson, Medical Doctorate Reviewed 06/2022
 


BASICS

DESCRIPTION

  • Rare tick-borne hemolytic disease caused by intraerythrocytic protozoan parasites of the genus Babesia

  • Infrequently reported outside the United States

    • Sporadic cases have been reported...

DIAGNOSIS

HISTORY

  • The tick must remain attached for at least 24 hours before the transmission of B. microti occurs  (1).

  • Travel/exposure history

  • Comorbidities (immunosuppression, chronic disease)

  • Fever (6...

TREATMENT

GENERAL MEASURES

  • In areas endemic for Lyme disease and ehrlichiosis, consider adding doxycycline 100 mg BID PO to empirically treat coinfection until serologic testing is complete (1)[C].

  • Dru...

ONGOING CARE

FOLLOW-UP RECOMMENDATIONS

  • If left untreated, silent babesiosis may persist for months or years (2).

  • Alkaline phosphatase levels >125 U/L, WBC counts >5 × 109/L, history of cardiac ab...

REFERENCES

1
Ortiz JF, Millhouse PW, Morillo Cox Á, Campoverde L, et al. Babesiosis: appreciating the pathophysiology and diverse sequela of the infection. Cureus. 2020;12(10):e11085. doi: 10.7759/cure...

ADDITIONAL READING

  • Curcio  SR, Tria  LP, Gucwa  AL. Seroprevalence of babesia microti in individuals with lyme disease. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis.  2016; 16(12): 737– 7...

CODES

ICD10

  • B60.0 Babesiosis

SNOMED

  • 21061004 Babesiosis

  • 73908004 Infection by Babesia microti

  • 24620004 Hemolytic anemia due to babesiosis

CLINICAL PEARLS

  • Ticks must remain in place for 24 hours to transmit infection. Encourage daily “tick checks” if people are exposed in high-risk areas.

  • Most patients do not recall tick exposure, and inc...

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