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Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans (Lichen Sclerosus of Penis)

Pamela Ellsworth, MD Reviewed 04/2024
 


BASICS

The International Society for the Study of Vulvar Disease recommends use of the term “lichen sclerosus” (LS) for males (previously referred to as Balanitis xerotica Obliterans, “BXO”) and femal...

DIAGNOSIS

HISTORY

  • History of circumcision and timing of circumcision should be assessed.

  • Assess force of urine stream, direction of stream, straining to void, incomplete emptying, presence of dysuria to...

TREATMENT

  • Currently, there is no curative treatment. The focus of treatment is on limiting skin involvement with disease, relieving symptoms, and preventing urethral stricture and malignant change.

  • Man...

ONGOING CARE

FOLLOW-UP RECOMMENDATIONS

Due to the risk of development of SCC, even adequately treated patients require long-term follow-up. Some suggest yearly evaluation once the disease has been adeq...

REFERENCES

1
Stewart  L, McCammon  K, Metro  M, et al. SIU/ICUD consultation on urethral strictures: anterior urethra-lichen sclerosus. Urology.  2014...

CODES

ICD10

N48.0 Leukoplakia of penis 

SNOMED

  • 198033005 Balanitis xerotica obliterans

  • 700082001 Lichen sclerosus of penis (disorder)

CLINICAL PEARLS

  • BXO is the male equivalent of LS atrophicus in females.

  • Treatment is aimed at the relief of symptoms and prevention of disease progression.

  • Topical steroid therapy is the first-line ther...

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