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Bladder Cancer

Jon S Parham, DO, MPH, FAAFP and Sandra N New, DNP Reviewed 04/2024
 


BASICS

A primary cancer tumor originating in cells lining the urinary bladder lumen 

DESCRIPTION

  • Bladder Cancer (BC) cell types: urothelial carcinoma (formerly named transitional cell) and others (squam...

DIAGNOSIS

HISTORY

  • Painless hematuria: most common symptom of BC

    • 4% BC risk with microhematuria; 16.5% BC risk with gross hematuria (1)[C]

  • Urinary symptoms persisting (frequency, urgency, dysuria, decrea...

TREATMENT

  • NMIBC, Risk group:

    • Low:

      • solitary Ta ≤3cm dia

        • Primary: TURBT: enhanced cystoscopy, in <24 hr single dose chemotherapy (1)[B], reject adjuvant intravesical...

ONGOING CARE

FOLLOW-UP RECOMMENDATIONS

  • NMIBC

    • Urine cytology alone has NOT been shown to be sufficient for follow-up.

    • Low Risk: Cystoscopy at 3-4 months (m), 6-9 m, then annually for 5 yr; no upper tract ...

REFERENCES

1
Lenis AT, Lec PM, Chamie K. Bladder cancer: a review. JAMA. 2020;324(19):1980-1991.
2
Comperat E, Amin MB, Cathomas R, et al. Current best practice for bladder cancer: a narrative review of ...

ADDITIONAL READING

SEE ALSO

Jubber I, Ong S, Bukavina L, et al. Epidemiology of bladder cancer in 2023: a systematic review of risk factors. European Urology. 2023;84:176-190...

SEE ALSO

Hematuria and Algorithm: Hematuria 

CODES

ICD10

  • C67.8 Malignant neoplasm of overlapping sites of bladder

  • C67 Malignant neoplasm of bladder

  • C67.6 Malignant neoplasm of ureteric orifice

  • C67.1 Malignant neoplasm of dome of bladder

  • C67.9 Maligna...

CLINICAL PEARLS

  • Painless hematuria should be evaluated with cystoscopy when there is no benign explanation, especially in non-low risk, patient, regardless of anticoagulation or anti-platelet use.

  • The ...

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