Bladder Cancer (BC) cell types: urothelial carcinoma (formerly named transitional cell) and others (squam...
Painless hematuria: most common symptom of BC
4% BC risk with microhematuria; 16.5% BC risk with gross hematuria (1)[C]
Urinary symptoms persisting (frequency, urgency, dysuria, decrea...
NMIBC, Risk group:
Low:
solitary Ta ≤3cm dia
Primary: TURBT: enhanced cystoscopy, in <24 hr single dose chemotherapy (1)[B], reject adjuvant intravesical...
NMIBC
Urine cytology alone has NOT been shown to be sufficient for follow-up.
Low Risk: Cystoscopy at 3-4 months (m), 6-9 m, then annually for 5 yr; no upper tract ...
C67.8 Malignant neoplasm of overlapping sites of bladder
C67 Malignant neoplasm of bladder
C67.6 Malignant neoplasm of ureteric orifice
C67.1 Malignant neoplasm of dome of bladder
C67.9 Maligna...
Painless hematuria should be evaluated with cystoscopy when there is no benign explanation, especially in non-low risk, patient, regardless of anticoagulation or anti-platelet use.
The ...
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FIGURE 28.20. Hematuria. This field shows a large number of red blood cells (RBCs) accompanied by one polymorphonuclear neutrophil in the sediment. Note that the RBCs appear to be regularly shaped, biconcave disks. (Bright-field microscopy, 3160.)
FIGURE 28.20. Hematuria. This field shows a large number of red blood cells (RBCs) accompanied by one polymorphonuclear neutrophil in the ...