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Bronchiolitis

Dennis E Hughes, DO FACEP Reviewed 04/2024
 


BASICS

DESCRIPTION

  • Inflammation and obstruction of small airways and reactive airways generally affecting infants and young children; manifests as an upper respiratory infection (URI) prodrome followed...

DIAGNOSIS

History and physical examination should be the basis for the diagnosis of bronchiolitis; ancillary testing only indicated if clinical picture is unclear (no single of group of tests confirma...

TREATMENT

  • The cornerstone of therapy is supportive to include upper airway suctioning, prevention of significant and prolonged hypoxia, and dehydration.

  • Positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) in the form ...

ONGOING CARE

FOLLOW-UP RECOMMENDATIONS

Patient Monitoring

  • Hospitalization is usually required only if oxygen is a requirement or unable to feed/drink.

  • For a hospitalized patient, monitor as needed depend...

REFERENCES

1
Manti S, Staiano A, Orfeo L, et al. UPDATE—2022 Italian guidelines on the management of bronchiolitis in infants. Ital J Pediatr. 2023;49(1):19.
doi: 10.1186/s13052-022-01392-6. PMID: 3676...

ADDITIONAL READING

Joseph MM, Edwards A. Acute bronchiolitis: assessment and management in the emergency department.  Pediatr Emerg Med Pract. 2019;16(10):1–24.  

CODES

ICD10

  • J21.9 Acute bronchiolitis, unspecified

  • J21.0 Acute bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus

  • J21.8 Acute bronchiolitis due to other specified organisms

  • J21.1 Acute bronchiolitis due to ...

CLINICAL PEARLS

  • Bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalizations in infants and children—especially <3 months of age.

  • Diagnosis is a clinical one of children in the first 2 years of life, asso...

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