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Bunion (Hallux Valgus)

Jennifer G Chang, MD Reviewed 05/2023
 


BASICS

DESCRIPTION

  • Lateral deviation of the great toe (“Hallux abducto valgus” derives from the Latin for “big toe askew.”)

  • Associated medial deviation of the 1st metatarsal, leading to a medial promine...

DIAGNOSIS

  • Based on clinical exam

  • Radiographs are used for staging.

HISTORY

  • Painful MTP joint (most common symptom in adults)

  • Abnormal position of great toe

  • Enlargement of the MTP joint medially (patients c...

TREATMENT

  • Primary indication for treatment is pain.

  • There are conservative (nonoperative) and surgical approaches.

  • Only surgical approaches can correct the hallux valgus deformity.

  • Surgical treatment is ...

ONGOING CARE

FOLLOW-UP RECOMMENDATIONS

  • Postoperative treatment includes physical therapy, physiotherapy, supportive footwear, continuous passive motion, or manual manipulation.

  • Time until full weight-be...

REFERENCES

1
Hurn SE, Matthews BG, Munteanu SE, et al. Effectiveness of Nonsurgical Interventions for Hallux Valgus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Arthritis Care Res. 2022;74(10):1676-1688.
2
Ab...

ADDITIONAL READING

  • Arbeeva L, Yau M, Mitchell BD, et al. Genome-wide meta-analysis identified novel variant associated with hallux valgus in Caucasians. J Foot Ankle Res. 2020;13(1):11. ...

CODES

ICD10

  • M20.10 Hallux valgus (acquired), unspecified foot

  • M20.11 Hallux valgus (acquired), right foot

  • M20.12 Hallux valgus (acquired), left foot

SNOMED

  • 415692008 swelling of first metatarsophalangeal j...

CLINICAL PEARLS

  • Avoid footwear with high heels, pointed toe boxes, or inadequate toe space to reduce development or progression of bunions.

  • Surgery generally results in superior outcomes for pain relie...

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