Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is defined as a complex pathophysiologic process affecting the brain, induced by traumatic biomechanical forces. This can be direct (blow to the he...
Cognitive signs and symptoms
Confusion, disorientation
Antegrade and retrograde amnesia
LOC occurs in <10%
Feeling “in a fog,” “zoned out”
Inability to focus (i.e., difficulty at work o...
There are no specific treatments for concussion. Current guidelines recommend physical and cognitive rest as the mainstays of initial management.
Sunglasses, ear plugs if need...
Return to school recommendations (multidisciplinary team might include primary care provider PCP, neurologist, psychologist, family members, teachers, patient):
On...
S06.0X0A Concussion without loss of consciousness, initial encounter
S06.9X0A Unsp intracranial injury w/o loss of consciousness, init
S06.0X9A Concussion w loss of consciousness of unsp dura...
Concussions occur from direct or indirect force to the head, neck or body—a loss of consciousness is not required for the diagnosis.
Any athlete with a suspected concussion should not r...
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<bold>Figure 12.22. Contrecoup brain injury. A.</bold> CT image at bone window shows a fracture in the right posterior parietal bone (<i>arrow</i>). <bold>B.</bold> Same image at brain window shows areas of intracerebral hemorrhage in the frontal lobes (<i>arrows</i>). Notice the scalp hematoma (*) in the right occipital area.
<bold>Figure 12.22. Contrecoup brain injury. A.</bold> CT image at bone window shows a fracture in the right posterior parieta...