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Cryoglobulinemia

Dongsheng Jiang, MS, MD and Joanna Jiang, MD Reviewed 04/2024
 


BASICS

DESCRIPTION

  • Cryoglobulins (CGs) are proteins that precipitate in serum and plasma at cold temperatures 98.6°F (<37°C) and redissolve at body temperature (1).

  • CGs are a mixture of immunoglobul...

DIAGNOSIS

  • Type I

    • Commonly asymptomatic

    • More frequent association with signs of peripheral vessel occlusion (e.g., Raynaud phenomenon, acrocyanosis, livedo reticularis, purpura, ulcers, gangrene), less w...

TREATMENT

  • Goals:

    • Symptomatic management of vasculitis and/or hyperviscosity and limit damage caused by circulating immune complexes

    • Limit or suppress B-lymphocyte proliferation.

    • Eradicate HCV (if applica...

ONGOING CARE

DIET

Mixed CG: Low-antigen content (LAC) diet is suggested for symptomatic improvement (no meat except turkey; no eggs, dairy products, or food additives; no preservatives; no beverages ex...

REFERENCES

1
Dammacco F, Lauletta G, Vacca A. The wide spectrum of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis and an overview of therapeutic advancements. Clin Exp Med. 2023;23(2):255-272. doi: 10.1007/s10238-022-008...

CODES

ICD10

D89.1 Cryoglobulinemia 

SNOMED

  • 30911005 cryoglobulinemia (disorder)

  • 38675009 Monoclonal cryoimmunoglobulinemia (disorder)

  • 44371002 Mixed polyclonal cryoimmunoglobulinemia (disorder)

CLINICAL PEARLS

  • Type I: associated with lymphoproliferative disorders (e.g., multiple myeloma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, and chronic lymphocyti...

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