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Diabetes Insipidus

Asma Tariq, M.D and Stephen C. Zerlang, DO Reviewed 04/2024
 


BASICS

DESCRIPTION

  • A condition in which there is reduced ability to concentrate urine due to impaired reabsorption of water in the renal collecting tubules which leads to free water loss from the kidne...

DIAGNOSIS

Can be challenging, given the variety of causes and variable symptomatology 
  • DI not resulting from a recognizable, acute event (e.g., head trauma) tends to be indolent and, if water needs are...

TREATMENT

GENERAL MEASURES

  • Control fluid balance; prevent dehydration.

  • Check weight daily.

  • Careful follow-up and management of electrolytes.

  • NDI: Correct hypercalcemia and hypokalemia, and discontinue cau...

ONGOING CARE

FOLLOW-UP RECOMMENDATIONS

Patient Monitoring

  • Regular follow-up at 2- to 3-week intervals initially and 3 to 4 months later

  • Adjust treatment on the basis of urine and electrolyte concentratio...

REFERENCES

1
Werny  D, Elfers  C, Perez  FA, et al. Pediatric central diabetes insipidus: brain malformations are common and few patients have idiopathic disease. J Clin Endocri...

CODES

ICD10

  • E23.2 Diabetes insipidus

  • N25.1 Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

SNOMED

  • 15771004 Diabetes insipidus (disorder)

  • 111395007 Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (disorder)

  • 45369008 Neurohypophyseal diabetes...

CLINICAL PEARLS

  • Suspect DI in any individual who has polyuria (urine volume >3 L/day) and produces hypotonic urine.

  • Water deprivation test and measurement of plasma ADH levels can help to distinguis...

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