Food poisoning or foodborne illness is caused by the consumption of food or water that is contaminated with bacterial, parasitic, or viral pathogens. Other causes can result from ing...
Onset, duration, frequency, severity, and character (i.e., watery, bloody, mucus-filled, etc.) of diarrhea
The definition of diarrhea is >3 or more unformed stools daily or the pass...
Oral rehydration is the first-line therapy for acute diarrheal illness (4). A balanced oral rehydration solution (ORS) is ...
Modify food intake when nausea is present or vomiting prevents intake. Drink plenty of fluids in frequent sips. As nausea subsides, drink adequate fluids; add in bland, low-fat meals;...
A05.9 Bacterial foodborne intoxication, unspecified
A02.0 Salmonella enteritis
A04.5 Campylobacter enteritis
A05.2 Foodborne Clostridium perfringens intoxication
A05.4 Foodborne Bacillus cereus...
Consider bacterial food poisoning when multiple patients present with fever and blood/mucus in stool after ingesting the same food or having recently returned from a developing nation.
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<bold>Figure 8.64. Appendicitis. A.</bold> CT image shows a fecalith in a thickened appendix (<i>arrow</i>). <bold>B.</bold> Image slightly higher shows the thickened appendiceal wall (<i>arrow</i>).
<bold>Figure 8.64. Appendicitis. A.</bold> CT image shows a fecalith in a thickened appendix (<i>arrow</i>). <b...
<bold>FIGURE 117.11</bold> Ultrasonographic appearance of appendicitis. The appendix appears as a thick, noncompressible tubular structure with central hypoechogenicity. The walls are 5 mm thick, over the 3-mm limit for a normal appendix. (Courtesy of Dr. Beverly Coleman, Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.)
<bold>FIGURE 117.11</bold> Ultrasonographic appearance of appendicitis. The appendix appears as a thick, noncompressible tubul...
Figure 41.3. CT appearance of appendicitis.
FIGURE 118.1. Perforated appendicitis with abscess and fecalith. The upright abdominal roentgenogram shows numerous dilated loops of bowel and a calcified fecalith <italic>(arrow).</bold> Note that the space between the individual loops indicates the presence of intraperitoneal fluid.
FIGURE 118.1. Perforated appendicitis with abscess and fecalith. The upright abdominal roentgenogram shows numerous dilated loops of bowel...
<bold><italic>Figure 15-20</bold> Mechanisms of bacterial enterocolitis.</bold> Diarrhea can be caused by (<bold>A</bold>) bacterial toxin formed in food before ingestion, (<bold>B</bold>) toxin formed in the intestinal tract after infection, or (<bold>C</bold>) direct invasion of infective organisms in the bowel wall.
<bold><italic>Figure 15-20</bold> Mechanisms of bacterial enterocolitis.</bold> Diarrhea can be caused by (<bol...
<bold><italic>Figure 15-33</bold> Acute appendicitis.</bold> A fecalith is wedged into the mouth of the appendix (left).
<bold><italic>Figure 15-33</bold> Acute appendicitis.</bold> A fecalith is wedged into the mouth of the appendix (...
Clostridial diseases. Clostridia in the vegetative form inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. Spores pass in the feces, contaminate soil and plant materials, and are ingested or enter sites of penetrating wounds. Under anaerobic conditions they revert to vegetative forms. Plasmids in the vegetative forms elaborate toxins that cause several clostridial diseases. Food poisoning and necrotizing enteritis. Meat dishes left to cool at room temperature grow large numbers of cl...
Clostridial diseases. Clostridia in the vegetative form inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. Spores pass in the feces...
<bold>FIGURE 16-3</bold> <bold>The pathogenesis of enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (EPEC).</bold> First, the organism attaches to the small bowel epithelial cell via a bundle-forming pilus (BfpA). Subsequently, a type III secretion system bridges to the cell and delivers a membrane receptor protein, Tir, and other effectors to the host cell. In a third stage, intimin on the bacterial surface mediates intimate adherence to the cell by binding to the newly d...
<bold>FIGURE 16-3</bold> <bold>The pathogenesis of enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (EPEC).</bol...
FIGURE 118.2. Perforated appendicitis with abscess and fecalith. Ultrasonography of the pelvis shows a complex mass <italic>(A)</bold> with a fecalith <italic>(arrow)</bold> producing characteristic acoustic shadowing to the right of the bladder <italic>(B)</bold>.
FIGURE 118.2. Perforated appendicitis with abscess and fecalith. Ultrasonography of the pelvis shows a complex mass <italic>(A)</...