Hiccups are caused by a repetitive sudden involuntary contraction of the inspiratory muscles (predominantly the diaphragm) and terminated by the abrupt closure of the glottis, which ...
Hiccup attacks usually occur at brief intervals and last seconds or minutes. Persistent bouts lasting >48 hours often imply an underlying physical or metabolic disorder.
Intractable hiccup...
Outpatient (usually)
Inpatient (if elderly, debilitated, or intractable hiccups)
Many hiccup treatments are purely anecdotal.
Evaluate frequent bouts or persistent hiccups.
Treat...
Berger TJ. A rash case of hiccups. J Emerg Med. 2013;44(1):e107–e108. [View Abstract on OvidMedline]
Chang FY, Lu CL. Hiccup: mystery, nature and treatment. J Neurogastroenter...
R06.6 Hiccough
F45.8 Other somatoform disorders
786.8 Hiccough
306.1 Respiratory malfunction arising from mental factors
65958008 Hiccoughs (finding)
191955009 Psychogenic hiccough
Most hiccups resolve spontaneously.
An organic cause is more likely in men and individuals with intractable hiccups.
Rule out foreign body in the ear canal as a trigger.
Baclofen and gaba...
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