Primary hypertension (HTN) is HTN without an identifiable cause; also known as essential HTN. An importance risk factor for CV disease and other morbidity and mortality, there is per...
Despite more aggressive guidelines issued by the ACC/AHA in 2017, many experts consider recommendations from JNC 8 (1) to retain primacy.
Critics of the ACC/AHA guidelines note multiple meth...
Repeat electrolytes, BUN/Cr about 3 to 6 weeks after initiating thiazide diuretics, ARB, or ACEi. Reevaluate patients q3–6mo until stable a...
59621000 Essential hypertension (disorder)
1201005 Benign essential hypertension
NNT to prevent a major adverse CV events (MACE) ranges from 10 to 50 per year in patients with severe HTN, to 100s or 1000s per year for patients with mild HTN.
Measure BP outside the o...
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<bold>Figure 12-21</bold> Infantile polycystic kidney disease. Coronal image of a 24-week fetus demonstrates bilateral enlarged echogenic kidneys (arrows). Severe oligohydramnios is present.
<bold>Figure 12-21</bold> Infantile polycystic kidney disease. Coronal image of a 24-week fetus demonstrates bilateral enlarge...
<bold>Figure 9.42. Polycystic kidney and liver disease.</bold> Frontal <bold>(A)</bold> and lateral <bold>(B)</bold> radiographs of an infant after IVU show the dense nephrogram appearance to the massively enlarged kidneys. The lucencies within the kidneys represent the cysts. <bold>C.</bold> CT image shows multiple cysts in the liver. <bold>D.</bold> CT image through the kidneys in an adult patient show multiple renal cysts. Notice the enhancement of the surro...
<bold>Figure 9.42. Polycystic kidney and liver disease.</bold> Frontal <bold>(A)</bold> and lateral <bold>(B...
<bold>Figure 9.43. Polycystic kidney disease with renal failure. A.</bold> CT image shows multiple renal cysts. <bold>B.</bold> CT image through the pelvis shows a transplanted kidney (<i>T</i>).
<bold>Figure 9.43. Polycystic kidney disease with renal failure. A.</bold> CT image shows multiple renal cysts. <bold>B....
<bold><italic>Figure 19-9</bold> Hereditary polycystic kidney disease.</bold> Specimen from a 33-year-old man.
Infantile polycystic disease. The dilated cortical and medullary collecting ducts are arranged radially, and the external surface is smooth.
Infantile polycystic disease. The dilated cortical and medullary collecting ducts are arranged radially, and the external surface is smoot...
<bold>Fig CA 18-1 Essential (idiopathic) hypertension.</bold> (A) Frontal and (B) lateral views of the chest demonstrate characteristic tortuosity of the aorta (arrows), especially the ascending portion. Because the elevated blood pressure has caused left ventricular hypertrophy without dilatation, the radiographic appearance of the cardiac silhouette remains normal.
<bold>Fig CA 18-1 Essential (idiopathic) hypertension.</bold> (A) Frontal and (B) lateral views of the chest demonstrate chara...
<bold>Fig GU 8-2. Adult polycystic kidney disease.</bold> Nephrogram phase from selective arteriography of the left kidney demonstrates innumerable cysts ranging from pinhead size to 2 cm. The opposite kidney had an identical appearance.<sup>6</sup>
<bold>Fig GU 8-2. Adult polycystic kidney disease.</bold> Nephrogram phase from selective arteriography of the left kidney dem...
<bold>Fig GU 28-2. Adult polycystic kidney disease.</bold> (A) Parasagittal sonogram of the right kidney (PK) shows a random distribution of multiple cysts that vary dramatically in size. The normal reniform contour is maintained. (B) Parasagittal sonogram in a young, asymptomatic member of the family shows multiple cysts (C<sub>R</sub>, C<sub>L</sub>) in the right kidney (R) and liver (L). (D, diaphragm; H, head.)<sup>2</sup>
<bold>Fig GU 28-2. Adult polycystic kidney disease.</bold> (A) Parasagittal sonogram of the right kidney (PK) shows a random d...