Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a form of primary myocardial hypertrophy, with or without presence of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction; it is characterized by f...
Symptoms of heart failure: dyspnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, fatigue
Anginal chest pain
Palpitations
Exertional syncope or presyncope
Symptoms may be worsened by anemia, hot and humi...
For patients who are genotype-positive but are phenotype-negative, continued follow-up with no treatment may suffice.
Treatment is indicated for symptomatic patients.
Patients at high risk for...
Annual follow-up is recommended for stable patients.
Among the first-degree relatives, screening with ECG and echo is recommended every 12 to 18 months between age...
I42.1 Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
I42.2 Other hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
233873004 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
45227007 Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
472324001 Feta...
HCM should be considered in all patients with a history of exercise syncope or unexplained SCD. It is the most common cause of SCD in young athletes in the United States. Family histor...
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<bold><italic>FIGURE 4.51.</bold></bold> Parasternal long-axis view recorded in a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy being considered for alcohol septal reduction therapy. <bold>Top:</bold> Image was recorded at baseline. Note the hypertrophy of the ventricular septum and the systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve. <bold>Bottom:</bold> Image was recorded after injection of a diluted perfluorocarbon-based contrast agent into a septal perforator artery. Note the absence of contrast effect in the ventricula...
<bold><italic>FIGURE 4.51.</bold></bold> Parasternal long-axis view recorded in a patient with hypertrophic cardio...
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The gross image shows a coronal section of a heart with marked asymmetric septal hypertrophy. The interventricular septum is 2.5 times thicker than the LV free wall. The anterior leaflet of the mitral valve is in very close apposition to the LV outflow tract. The bottom panel is a light micrograph showing marked myocyte disarray, where the individual myocytes no longer have a parallel orientation with respect to each other. Instead, they have a "storiform" array...
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The gross image shows a coronal section of a heart with marked asymmetric septal hypertrophy. The interventri...
<bold>FIGURE 1-4. Myocardial hypertrophy.</bold> Cross-section of the heart of a patient with long-standing hypertension shows pronounced, concentric left ventricular hypertrophy.
<bold>FIGURE 1-4. Myocardial hypertrophy.</bold> Cross-section of the heart of a patient with long-standing hypertension shows...
<bold>FIGURE 11-43. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).</bold><bold>A.</bold> The heart has been opened to show striking asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy. The interventricular septum is thicker than the free wall of the left ventricle and impinges on the outflow tract such that it contacts the underside of the anterior mitral valve leaflet. <bold>B.</bold> A section of the myocardium shows the characteristic myofiber disarray and hyperplasia of interstitial cells. <bold>C.</bold> A small intramural coronary ...
<bold>FIGURE 11-43. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).</bold><bold>A.</bold> The heart has been opened to show str...
<bold>Figure 33-45</bold> Echocardiographic parasternal long-axis view of a diabetic mother's infant with severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and subaortic ventricular septal defect. <, ventricular septal defect; AV, aortic valve; IVS, interventricular septum; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; RV, right ventricle.
<bold>Figure 33-45</bold> Echocardiographic parasternal long-axis view of a diabetic mother's infant with severe hypertrophic c...
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The heart has been opened to show striking asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy. The interventricular septum is thicker than the free wall of the left ventricle and impinges on the outflow tract.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The heart has been opened to show striking asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy. The interventricular septu...