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Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Inderjit Singh, MD and Alfonso H Waller, MD Reviewed 06/2022
 


BASICS

DESCRIPTION

  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a form of primary myocardial hypertrophy, with or without presence of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction; it is characterized by f...

DIAGNOSIS

HISTORY

  • Symptoms of heart failure: dyspnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, fatigue

  • Anginal chest pain

  • Palpitations

  • Exertional syncope or presyncope

  • Symptoms may be worsened by anemia, hot and humi...

TREATMENT

  • For patients who are genotype-positive but are phenotype-negative, continued follow-up with no treatment may suffice.

  • Treatment is indicated for symptomatic patients.

  • Patients at high risk for...

ONGOING CARE

FOLLOW-UP RECOMMENDATIONS

  • Annual follow-up is recommended for stable patients.

  • Among the first-degree relatives, screening with ECG and echo is recommended every 12 to 18 months between age...

REFERENCES

1
Maron  BJ. Contemporary insights and strategies for risk stratification and prevention of sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation.  2010;121(3...

ADDITIONAL READING

Cooper  RM, Raphael  CE, Liebregts  M, et al. New developments in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Can J Cardiol.  2017;33(10):1254–1265. [View Abstract on Ovi...

CODES

ICD10

  • I42.1 Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

  • I42.2 Other hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

SNOMED

  • 233873004 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

  • 45227007 Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

  • 472324001 Feta...

CLINICAL PEARLS

  • HCM should be considered in all patients with a history of exercise syncope or unexplained SCD. It is the most common cause of SCD in young athletes in the United States. Family histor...

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