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Infertility

Sahil Mullick, FAAFP, MD and Febijesusola Oyelana, MD Reviewed 05/2023
 


BASICS

DESCRIPTION

Definition: Failure to conceive after 12 months of regular sexual intercourse without the use of contraception. Evaluation for infertility should begin for failure to conceive after ...

DIAGNOSIS

HISTORY

Complete reproductive history including age of partners; history of abortion, dilation and curettages, bilateral tubal ligation, vasectomy, or other pelvic/abdominal surgery; age at m...

TREATMENT

GENERAL MEASURES

  • Lifestyle changes that may improve fertility: Achieving an ideal BMI, cessation of smoking, limiting exposure to caffeine and alcohol, coital frequency and timing (every 1-2 ...

ONGOING CARE

FOLLOW-UP RECOMMENDATIONS

Specialist if not successful after 3 to 6 cycles of oral ovulation induction 

DIET

Low caffeine diet, limit alcohol intake 

PATIENT EDUCATION

  • American Society for Rep...

REFERENCES

1
Carson SA, Kallen AN. Diagnosis and Management of Infertility: A Review. JAMA. 2021;326(1):65-76. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.4788

SEE ALSO

  • Amenorrhea; Endometriosis; Metabolic Syndrome; Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS); Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

  • Algorithm: Infertility

CODES

ICD10

  • N97.9 Female infertility, unspecified

  • N46.9 Male infertility, unspecified

  • N97.1 Female infertility of tubal origin

  • N46.8 Other male infertility

  • N46.023 Azoospermia due to obstruction of efferen...

CLINICAL PEARLS

Infertility is often multifactorial. 

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