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General Medicine

Leukemia, Acute Myeloid

Jan Cerny, MD, PhD Reviewed 06/2018
 


BASICS

DESCRIPTION

  • Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by proliferation and accumulation of abnormal immature myeloid progenitors (blasts) with reduced capacity to differentiate into more mat...

DIAGNOSIS

HISTORY

Fatigue (anemia or tumor burden); bleeding (low platelets or DIC); difficulty clearing infections (neutropenia or immune dysregulation) 

PHYSICAL EXAM

  • Mostly nonspecific and related to ...

TREATMENT

  • Chemotherapy is the backbone of AML therapy; it consists of induction and consolidation phase ± maintenance (APL).

  • Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for high-risk AML

  • Only modest improvements ...

ONGOING CARE

FOLLOW UP RECOMMENDATIONS

Ambulatory, as tolerated; no intense or contact sports; no aspirin due to risk of bleeding 

Patient Monitoring

  • Repeat bone marrow studies to document remission and ...

REFERENCES

1
Döhner H, Estey EH, Amadori S, et al; for European LeukemiaNet. Diagnosis and management of acute myeloid leukemia in adults: recommendations from an international expert panel, on behalf ...

ADDITIONAL READING

O’Donnell MR, Appelbaum FR, Coutre SE, et al. Acute myeloid leukemia. J Natl Compr Canc Netw.  2008;6(10):962–993. [View Abstract on OvidMedline] 

SEE ALSO

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Leukemia, Acute Lymphoblastic (ALL) in Adults; Leukemia, Chronic Myelogenous; Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS); Myeloproliferative Neoplasms 

CODES

ICD10

  • C92.00 Acute myeloblastic leukemia, not having achieved remission

  • C92.01 Acute myeloblastic leukemia, in remission

  • C92.02 Acute myeloblastic leukemia, in relapse

ICD9

  • 205.00 Acute myeloid leuke...

CLINICAL PEARLS

  • Prognosis of leukemia depends on the cytogenetic and molecular profile of the disease.

  • Allogeneic transplant remains the only therapy with curative potential for patients with intermedi...

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FIGURE 20-54. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The lymphoblasts in peripheral blood contain irregular and indented nuclei with prominent nucleoli and a moderate amount of cytoplasm.
FIGURE 20-54. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The lymphoblasts in peripheral blood contain irregular and indented nuclei with prominent nucle...
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Wright-Giemsa stain: chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) with leukocytosis; 250x
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Auer rods CELL TYPE: Myeloblasts and monoblasts (rare) DESCRIPTION: Reddish-purple rod-shaped cytoplasmic inclusions Alignment of p...
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