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General Medicine

Metabolic Syndrome

Naomi Parrella, FAAFP, FOMA, MD, Dipl. ABOM and Sylvia M Robinson, FAAP, MD Reviewed 04/2024
 


BASICS

DESCRIPTION

  • Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of progressive metabolic abnormalities demonstrating insulin resistance, a proinflammatory and prothrombotic state that together, corre...

DIAGNOSIS

MetS: A cluster of progressive metabolic abnormalities that manifest with at least three of the following: 

  • #Abdominal Obesity or Waist Circumference (WC): Waist:Hip ratio >0.9 men, >0....

TREATMENT

MEDICATION

Metformin and GLP-1RA/GIP may also be effective in treating insulin resistance. If CAD or T2DM already diagnosed, treat as per guidelines. Consider Vitamin B12 supplementation as n...

ONGOING CARE

FOLLOW-UP RECOMMENDATIONS

Patient Monitoring

Regular monitoring of weight, WC, and BP. Fasting TG, HDL, and Glucose (or HgbA1c). 

DIET

See Treatment 

COMPLICATIONS

Progression of CVD and T2DM, ...

REFERENCES

1
Fechner E, Smeets ETCH, Schrauwen P, et al. The effects of Different Degrees of Carbohydrate Restriction and Carbohydrate Replacement of Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Humans-A Systematic...

ADDITIONAL READING

SEE ALSO

  • Suglia SF, Koenen KC, Boynton-Jarrett R, et al. Childhood and Adolescent Adversity and Cardiometabolic Outcomes: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart...

SEE ALSO

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypertension, Essential; Obesity; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) 

CODES

ICD10

  • E88.81 Metabolic syndrome

SNOMED

  • 237602007 Metabolic syndrome X

  • 237651005 Insulin resistance - type A

  • 237652003 Insulin resistance - type B

CLINICAL PEARLS

  • Consider further evaluation for MetS when history and/or physical exam demonstrates findings consistent with sedentary lifestyle, sleep apnea, increasing WC, elevation of BP, increased...

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