Metabolic Syndrome

Naomi Parrella, MD, FAAFP, Dipl. ABOM Reviewed 06/2020

BASICS

DESCRIPTION

Cluster of progressive metabolic abnormalities demonstrating insulin resistance, a proinflammatory, and prothrombotic state that manifest with at least three of:
- Increased waist circu...

DIAGNOSIS

HISTORY

Identifying risk factors

Family history of MetS, T2DM, and cardiovascular disease
Symptoms indicating cardiovascular disease or diabetes or PCOS
Comprehensive lifestyle history:
- Diet, in...

TREATMENT

Primary therapeutic goal is to prevent or reduce obesity and risk factors. Aggressive lifestyle modification (diet and exercise) is considered first-line therapy and most clinically effectiv...

ONGOING CARE

FOLLOW-UP RECOMMENDATIONS

Regular exercise will improve all components of MetS. Cumulative small periods of exercise over the day provide significant health benefits. Encourage small incre...

REFERENCES

Paley CA, Johnson MI. Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome: exercise as medicine? BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2018;10:7.

Mansoor N, Vinknes KJ, Veierød MB, et al. Effects of low-...

ADDITIONAL READING

Rosenzweig JL, Bakris GL, Berglund LF, et al. Primary prevention of ASCVD and T2DM in patients at metabolic risk: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol...

CODES

ICD10

E88.81 Metabolic syndrome

ICD9

277.7 Dysmetabolic syndrome X

SNOMED

237602007 metabolic syndrome X (disorder)

CLINICAL PEARLS

Consider further evaluation for MetS when history and/or physical exam demonstrates findings consistent with sedentary lifestyle, sleep apnea, increasing WC, elevation of BP or treatme...

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