Disorder of mitral valve (MV) closure, either primary, secondary (functional), or mixed, resulting in a backflow of the left ventricular (LV) stroke volume into the left atrium (LA);...
Associated conditions: RHD, prior MI, connective tissue disorder
Acute MR; Sudden onset of dyspnea, Orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Chronic MR Exertional dyspnea, fatigue Palpit...
Acute, severe MR
Medical therapy has a limited role and is aimed to stabilize hemodynamics preoperatively.
Vasodilators (nitroprusside, nicardipine): to improve hemodynamic compensat...
Mild MR with normal LV size and no pulmonary hyperte...
I34.0 Nonrheumatic mitral (valve) insufficiency
I05.1 Rheumatic mitral insufficiency
Q23.3 Congenital mitral insufficiency
48724000 Mitral valve regurgitation (disorder)
31085000 Rheumati...
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<bold>Figure 12.4</bold> Mitral and tricuspid regurgitation. End-diastolic <bold>(A)</bold> and end-systolic <bold>(B)</bold> frames from a left ventriculogram performed in the 30° RAO projection in a patient with normal coronaries and presumptive AIDS cardiomyopathy, showing enlarged end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, reduced ejection fraction of 38%, and 2+ mitral regurgitation. Note dye to the enlarged left atrial volume; the contrast density method underestimated the severity of regurgitation, shown...
<bold>Figure 12.4</bold> Mitral and tricuspid regurgitation. End-diastolic <bold>(A)</bold> and end-systolic <b...
<bold><italic>FIGURE 11.56.</bold></bold> Parasternal long-axis view recorded in a patient with a dilated cardiomyopathy and apical displacement of the papillary muscles, leading to functional mitral regurgitation. Note the dilation of the left ventricle (<italic>LV</bold>) and left atrium (<italic>LA</bold>). This frame was recorded in mid-systole. Because of the displacement of the papillary muscles, the mitral leaflets are tethered apically and cannot coapt along a normal zone. The mitral valve is attempting to coap...
<bold><italic>FIGURE 11.56.</bold></bold> Parasternal long-axis view recorded in a patient with a dilated cardiom...