Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is the billowing of one or both mitral valve leaflets into the left atrium (LA) during ventricular systole.
MVP can be classified in different ways, includ...
Most patients with MVP are asymptomatic.
If patients are symptomatic, the most commonly associated symptom is palpitations.
Symptoms may be related to MVP itself, to mitral regurgitatio...
Reassurance is appropriate for patients with milder forms of prolapse and low symptom burden; normal lifestyle and regular exercise is encouraged (3)[C].
If MVP is associat...
Asymptomatic MVP patients with no significant MR can be followed clinically every 3 to 5 years (3)[C].
Periodic monitoring with TTE is recommended in asymptomatic...
I34.1 Nonrheumatic mitral (valve) prolapse
I05.8 Other rheumatic mitral valve diseases
409712001 Mitral valve prolapse
286021000119108 Non-rheumatic mitral valve prolapse
8074002 Mitral v...
The principal auscultatory finding is a midsystol...
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<bold><italic>FIGURE 11.71.</bold></bold><bold>Top and Bottom:</bold> M-mode echocardiograms recorded in two patients with mitral valve prolapse. In each instance, note the distinct posterior motion of the mitral valve (<italic>arrow</bold>). <bold>Bottom:</bold> Note the chordal systolic anterior motion (<italic>upper arrow</bold>), which may also be seen in mitral valve prolapse.
<bold><italic>FIGURE 11.71.</bold></bold><bold>Top and Bottom:</bold> M-mode echocardiograms recorded ...
<bold><italic>FIGURE 11.72.</bold></bold> Parasternal long-axis echocardiogram recorded in diastole <bold>(A)</bold> and end-systole <bold>(B)</bold> in a patient with mitral valve prolapse. <bold>A:</bold> Note the pathologic thickening of the posterior leaflet (<italic>arrows</bold>). <bold>B:</bold> Note the prolapse of the posterior leaflet behind the plane of the mitral valve anulus (<italic>arrow</bold>). In the real-time image, note the distinct abnormal buckling motion of the posterior mitral valve leaflet in systole.
<bold><italic>FIGURE 11.72.</bold></bold> Parasternal long-axis echocardiogram recorded in diastole <bold>(...
<bold><italic>FIGURE 11.73.</bold></bold> Parasternal long-axis echocardiogram recorded in a patient with bileaflet mitral valve prolapse and myxomatous thickening of the leaflets. This frame was recorded in systole. Note distinct prolapse of both the anterior and posterior leaflets behind the plane of the mitral anulus (<italic>arrows</bold>). Ao, aorta, LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle.
<bold><italic>FIGURE 11.73.</bold></bold> Parasternal long-axis echocardiogram recorded in a patient with bileafl...
<bold><italic>FIGURE 11.76.</bold></bold> Transesophageal echocardiogram recorded in a patient with mitral valve prolapse. Both panels were recorded in systole. <bold>A:</bold> Note the marked prolapse of the posterior leaflet into the body of the left atrium (<italic>LA</bold>) (<italic>arrow</bold>). <bold>B:</bold> A color Doppler image also recorded in systole. Note the relatively large convergence zone and the highly eccentric mitral regurgitation jet directed toward the atrial septum. LV, left ventricle; RA, right atrium; RV...
<bold><italic>FIGURE 11.76.</bold></bold> Transesophageal echocardiogram recorded in a patient with mitral valve ...
Mitral valve prolapse in a two-dimensional echocardiograph (left) and anatomical section (right). The prolapse of both mitral leaflets into the left atrium is evident.
Mitral valve prolapse in a two-dimensional echocardiograph (left) and anatomical section (right). The prolapse of both mitral leaflets in...
Heart Murmur - Mitral Valve Prolapse Labeled
<bold>FIGURE 11-38. Mitral valve prolapse.</bold><bold>A.</bold> A view of the mitral valve <italic>(left)</bold> from the left atrium shows redundant and deformed leaflets, which billow into the left atrial cavity. <bold>B.</bold> A microscopic section of one of the mitral valve leaflets reveals conspicuous myxomatous connective tissue in the center of the leaflet.
<bold>FIGURE 11-38. Mitral valve prolapse.</bold><bold>A.</bold> A view of the mitral valve <italic>(left)...
Mitral valve prolapse, squatting position - Illustration of mitral valve prolapse appearance and its auscultatory characteristics when patient is squatting
Mitral valve prolapse, squatting position - Illustration of mitral valve prolapse appearance and its auscultatory characteristics when pat...
Mitral valve prolapse, supine position - Illustration of mitral valve prolapse appearance and its auscultatory characteristics when patient is lying on back
Mitral valve prolapse, supine position - Illustration of mitral valve prolapse appearance and its auscultatory characteristics when patien...
Mitral valve prolapse, supine position - Illustration of mitral valve prolapse appearance and its auscultatory characteristics when patient is standing