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Multiple Myeloma

Michael Haddadin, MD and Jan Cerny, PhD, MD Reviewed 06/2022
 


BASICS

DESCRIPTION

  • Multiple myeloma (MM) involves a malignant proliferation of a single clone of plasma cells.

  • The malignant plasma cells produce monoclonal protein (Immunoglobulin—Ig) in the blood and ...

DIAGNOSIS

HISTORY

  • 34% of patients are asymptomatic at the time of presentation.

  • Anemia (73%) is the most common presentation of MM

  • Hypercalcemia (28%): anorexia, abdominal pain, somnolence, polydipsia, p...

TREATMENT

  • Treatment varies by risk, stage of MM, patient characteristics.

  • Key determinant factor in choosing chemotherapy regimen is to establish transplant candidacy; if the patient is an autologous s...

ONGOING CARE

PATIENT EDUCATION

PROGNOSIS

  • The 5-year survival rate is around 50%.

  • Median survival by R...

REFERENCES

1
Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2019. CA Cancer J Clin. 2019;69:7–34.
2
Palumbo  A, Avet-Loiseau  H, Oliva  S, et al. Revised international staging...

CODES

ICD10

  • C90.0 Multiple myeloma

  • C90.00 Multiple myeloma not having achieved remission

  • C90.01 Multiple myeloma in remission

  • C90.02 Multiple myeloma in relapse

SNOMED

  • 109989006 Multiple myeloma

  • 94704006 Mul...

CLINICAL PEARLS

  • MM is a plasma cell malignancy that causes end-organ damage.

  • Look for presence of “CRAB.”

  • Suspect MM if high total protein-to-albumin ratio is present.

  • Avoid nephrotoxins (radiographic co...

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