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Multiple Myeloma

Michael Haddadin, MD Reviewed 04/2024
 


BASICS

DESCRIPTION

  • Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant proliferation of a single clone of plasma cells. These malignant cells produce monoclonal protein (Immunoglobulin—Ig) that can be detected in the...

DIAGNOSIS

HISTORY

  • 34% of patients are asymptomatic at the time of presentation.

  • Anemia (73%) is the most common presentation of MM

  • Hypercalcemia (28%): anorexia, abdominal pain, somnolence, polydipsia, p...

TREATMENT

  • Key factors to consider prior to initiation of treatment:; patient's characteristics and comorbidities (i.e. cardiac and renal function), cytogenetic risk and autologous stem cell transplant...

ONGOING CARE

PATIENT EDUCATION

PROGNOSIS

  • The survival depends heavily on the cytogenetic risk and stage of the disease.

  • Median survival by R-ISS stage:

    • Stage I: has not been...

REFERENCES

1
Palumbo  A, Anderson  K. Multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med.  2011;364(11):1046–1060. [View Abstract on OvidMedline]

CODES

ICD10

  • C90.0 Multiple myeloma

  • C90.00 Multiple myeloma not having achieved remission

  • C90.01 Multiple myeloma in remission

  • C90.02 Multiple myeloma in relapse

SNOMED

  • 109989006 Multiple myeloma

  • 94704006 Mul...

CLINICAL PEARLS

  • MM is a plasma cell malignancy that causes end-organ damage.

  • Look for presence of “CRAB.”

  • Suspect MM if high total protein-to-albumin ratio is present.

  • Avoid nephrotoxins (radiographic co...

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