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Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

Kartik Sidhar, MD and Michael Ibrahem, M.D Reviewed 06/2022
 


BASICS

DESCRIPTION

  • Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of clonal stem cell disorders characterized by peripheral blood cytopenias: anemia, thrombocytopenia, and/or neutropenia.

  • Dys...

DIAGNOSIS

HISTORY

  • The clinical course of MDS patients is driven by the type and degree of cytopenias.

  • Recurrent infections, bleeding issues, fatigue, weight loss and exertional dyspnea, are common sympt...

TREATMENT

GENERAL MEASURES

  • LR-MDS: observation until patients develop symptoms from anemia, neutropenia, and/or thrombocytopenia given early treatment does not improves long-term survival

    • Initial treatm...

ONGOING CARE

FOLLOW-UP RECOMMENDATIONS

Patient Monitoring

  • Follow-up of MDS is based on regular complete blood counts to detect the need for transfusions. Severe neutropenia may warrant antibiotic use if...

REFERENCES

1
Visconte  V, Tiu  RV, Rogers  HJ. Pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes: an overview of molecular and non-molecular aspects of the disease. Blood Res.  201...

CODES

ICD10

  • D46.9 Myelodysplastic syndrome, unspecified

  • D46.4 Refractory anemia, unspecified

  • D46.B Refract cytopenia w multilin dysplasia and ring sideroblasts

  • D64.3 Other sideroblastic anemias

  • D46.A Refra...

CLINICAL PEARLS

  • MDS are a heterogeneous group of clonal stem cell disorders characterized by blood cytopenias and tendency for leukemic transformation.

  • Different molecular and genetic mechanisms of pat...

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