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Myocarditis

Adam J Janicki, MD, MS and Jennifer Ahn, MD Reviewed 06/2022
 


BASICS

DESCRIPTION

  • Inflammatory disease of the myocardium. Viral infection is the most common cause. Other etiologies include infectious pathogens, autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivity reactions, syst...

DIAGNOSIS

The diagnosis of myocarditis is based on a combination of clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings (see “Diagnostic Tests & Interpretation”): 
  • Wide range of clinical presentations, from...

TREATMENT

  • Largely supportive, with specific treatment aimed at heart failure and underlying etiologies

  • Cardiac pacing for symptomatic AV blocks (Type II or III, i.e., Lyme disease, Chagas disease) 

  • Amer...

ONGOING CARE

FOLLOW-UP RECOMMENDATIONS

Regular follow up for at least 3 years due to possible recurrence 

DIET

Salt restriction with heart failure 

PATIENT EDUCATION

  • Most cases are expected to resolve with...

REFERENCES

1
Fung G, Luo H, Qiu Y, et al. Myocarditis. Circ Res. 2016;118(3):496–514.
2
Carsten R, Cooper LT, Torre-Amione G, et al. Management of myocarditis-related cardiomyopathy in adults. Circ Res. ...

ADDITIONAL READING

  • Biesbrook  PS, Beek  AM, Germans  T, et al. Diagnosis of myocarditis: current state and future prospectives. Int J Cardiol.  ...

CODES

ICD10

  • I51.4 Myocarditis, unspecified

  • B33.22 Viral myocarditis

  • I40.9 Acute myocarditis, unspecified

  • I40.0 Infective myocarditis

  • I40.8 Other acute myocarditis

  • I40.1 Isolated myocarditis

  • I01.2 Acute rheum...

CLINICAL PEARLS

  • Most patients recover with only supportive care. However, unresolved disease may lead to chronic DCM with a high risk of increased morbidity and mortality.

  • Prognosis and clinical course...

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