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Nephrotic Syndrome

Hanadi Abou Dargham, Medical Doctor Reviewed 05/2023
 


BASICS

DESCRIPTION

  • A constellation of clinical and laboratory features defined by the presence of massive proteinuria (>3.5 g/1.73 m2/24 hr), hypoalbuminemia (<3 g/dL), severe hyperlipidemia (tot...

DIAGNOSIS

HISTORY

  • Inquire about signs or symptoms of systemic disease: joint complaint, rash, edema, infectious complaint, fevers, anorexia, oliguria, foamy frothy urine, acute flank pain, and hematuri...

TREATMENT

Depends on the type of renal pathology and varies between children and adults. KDIGO issued guidelines in 2012 on the treatment for nephrotic syndrome in adults and children  (2). 

GENERAL MEASURES

ONGOING CARE

Adjustment in the doses of diuretics and angiotensin antagonists depends on the degree of edema and proteinuria. 

FOLLOW-UP RECOMMENDATIONS

Patient Monitoring

  • Frequent monitoring is required...

REFERENCES

1
Kodner  C. Diagnosis and management of nephrotic syndrome in adults. Am Fam Physician.  2016;93(6):479–485. [View Abstract on OvidMedline]
2
...

SEE ALSO

Acute Kidney Injury; Amyloidosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glomerulonephritis, Acute; HIV/AIDS; Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid; Multiple Myeloma 

CODES

ICD10

  • N04.0 Nephrotic syndrome with minor glomerular abnormality

  • N04 Nephrotic syndrome

  • N04.3 Nephrotic syndrome with diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis

  • N04.2 Nephrotic syndrome with...

CLINICAL PEARLS

  • Nephrotic syndrome is a clinical syndrome of >3.5 g/day proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema often associated with diabetes and NSAIDs use.

  • Pediatric nephrotic syn...

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