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Neuroblastoma

Jana W Qiao, MD and Jayson R Loeffert, DO Reviewed 06/2021
 


BASICS

Neuroblastoma is usually exclusively a disease of children and is an umbrella term that is used to refer to a spectrum of neuroblastic tumors that arise from embryonic sympathetic ganglion cell...

DIAGNOSIS

HISTORY

  • Constitutional symptoms (fever, malaise, loss of appetite, weight loss, failure to thrive)

  • Depending on the primary location of tumor and whether or not there is metastasis, the follow...

TREATMENT

GENERAL MEASURES

Children’s Oncology Group risk stratification (1): Patients are stratified to low, intermediate, and high risk based on INSS stage, age, INPC histology classification, N-myc...

ONGOING CARE

FOLLOW-UP RECOMMENDATIONS

Patient Monitoring

  • For low-risk patients stratified to observation, follow up with ultrasound. An enlarging neoplasm necessitates operative intervention.

  • Follow-up ...

REFERENCES

1
American Cancer Society. Neuroblastoma. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/neuroblastoma/about.html.  Accessed April 19, 2021.
2
Shohet  J, Foster  J. Neuroblastoma. BMJ....

ADDITIONAL READING

  • Fetahu IS, Taschner-Manl S. Neuroblastoma and the epigenome. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2021;40(1):173-189.

  • Kamihara J, Bourdeaut F, Foulkes WD,...

CODES

ICD10

  • C74.90 Malignant neoplasm of unsp part of unspecified adrenal gland

  • C48.0 Malignant neoplasm of retroperitoneum

  • C38.3 Malignant neoplasm of mediastinum, part unspecified

  • C76.3 Malignant neopla...

CLINICAL PEARLS

  • Symptoms are variable and reflect tumor location.

  • Most common sites of neuroblastomas are located in the abdomen/pelvis, but diagnosis should not be excluded in patients presenting with...

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