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Neuroblastoma

Jana W Qiao, MD and Jayson R Loeffert, DO Reviewed 05/2023
 


BASICS

Neuroblastoma is a rare, pediatric-predominant disease that arises from embryonic sympathetic ganglion cells. It is an umbrella term that is used to refer to a spectrum of neuroblastic tumors t...

DIAGNOSIS

HISTORY

  • Constitutional symptoms (fever, malaise, loss of appetite, weight loss, failure to thrive)

  • Depending on the primary location of tumor and whether there is metastasis, mass effect may c...

TREATMENT

GENERAL MEASURES

Children’s Oncology Group risk stratification (1): Patients are stratified to low, intermediate, and high risk based on INSS stage, age, INPC histology classification, N-myc...

ONGOING CARE

FOLLOW-UP RECOMMENDATIONS

Patient Monitoring

  • Low-risk patients stratified to observation, follow up with ultrasound. An enlarging neoplasm necessitates operative intervention. ...

REFERENCES

1
American Cancer Society. Neuroblastoma. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/neuroblastoma/about.html.  Accessed April 19, 2022.
2
Shohet  J, Foster  J. Neuroblastoma. BMJ....

ADDITIONAL READING

National Cancer Institute. Neuroblastoma treatment (PDQ). https://www.cancer.gov/types/neuroblastoma/hp/neuroblastoma-treatment-pdq. Accessed March 26, 2023. ...

CODES

ICD10

  • C74.90 Malignant neoplasm of unsp part of unspecified adrenal gland

  • C48.0 Malignant neoplasm of retroperitoneum

  • C38.3 Malignant neoplasm of mediastinum, part unspecified

  • C76.3 Malignant neopla...

CLINICAL PEARLS

  • Symptoms are variable and reflect tumor location. Some tumors regress spontaneously, whereas others are very aggressive with high mortality

  • Most common sites of neuroblastomas are locat...

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