Polycystic Kidney Disease

<bold>Figure 12-21</bold> Infantile polycystic kidney disease. Coronal image of a 24-week fetus demonstrates bilateral enlarged echogenic kidneys (arrows). Severe oligohydramnios is present.

<bold>Figure 9.42. Polycystic kidney and liver disease.</bold> Frontal <bold>(A)</bold> and lateral <bold>(B)</bold> radiographs of an infant after IVU show the dense nephrogram appearance to the massively enlarged kidneys. The lucencies within the kidneys represent the cysts. <bold>C.</bold> CT image shows multiple cysts in the liver. <bold>D.</bold> CT image through the kidneys in an adult patient show multiple renal cysts. Notice the enhancement of the surro...

<bold>Figure 9.42. Polycystic kidney and liver disease.</bold> Frontal <bold>(A)</bold> and lateral <bold>(B)</bold> radiographs of an infant after IVU show the dense nephrogram appearance to the massively enlarged kidneys. The lucencies within the kidneys represent the cysts. <bold>C.</bold> CT image shows multiple cysts in the liver. <bold>D.</bold> CT image through the kidneys in an adult patient show multiple renal cysts. Notice the enhancement of the surro...

<bold>Figure 9.42. Polycystic kidney and liver disease.</bold> Frontal <bold>(A)</bold> and lateral <bold>(B)</bold> radiographs of an infant after IVU show the dense nephrogram appearance to the massively enlarged kidneys. The lucencies within the kidneys represent the cysts. <bold>C.</bold> CT image shows multiple cysts in the liver. <bold>D.</bold> CT image through the kidneys in an adult patient show multiple renal cysts. Notice the enhancement of the surro...

<bold>Figure 9.43. Polycystic kidney disease with renal failure. A.</bold> CT image shows multiple renal cysts. <bold>B.</bold> CT image through the pelvis shows a transplanted kidney (<i>T</i>).

<bold><italic>Figure 19-9</bold> Hereditary polycystic kidney disease.</bold> Specimen from a 33-year-old man.

Graft for hemodialysis angio access - A self-sealing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) silicone graft is used as an internal bridge (AV fistula) for vascular access in patients requiring maintenance hemodialysis. In the figure the graft bridges the brachial artery to the axillary vein

Hemidialysis

Infantile polycystic disease. The dilated cortical and medullary collecting ducts are arranged radially, and the external surface is smooth.

<bold>Fig GU 8-2. Adult polycystic kidney disease.</bold> Nephrogram phase from selective arteriography of the left kidney demonstrates innumerable cysts ranging from pinhead size to 2 cm. The opposite kidney had an identical appearance.⁶

<bold>Fig GU 28-2. Adult polycystic kidney disease.</bold> (A) Parasagittal sonogram of the right kidney (PK) shows a random distribution of multiple cysts that vary dramatically in size. The normal reniform contour is maintained. (B) Parasagittal sonogram in a young, asymptomatic member of the family shows multiple cysts (C_R, C_L) in the right kidney (R) and liver (L). (D, diaphragm; H, head.)²

<bold>Fig GU 33-1. Chronic renal failure.</bold> Parasagittal sonogram of the right kidney (RK) shows that the echogenicity of renal cortical tissue has increased to such an extent that it is now greater than that of the hepatic parenchyma (L). The renal medullary pyramids (P) are clearly visible in the right kidney. (D, diaphragm; H, head.)²

FIGURE 3-2. Peritoneal dialysis, in which the dialysate is infused into the peritoneal cavity by gravity. (Reprinted with permission from Rosdahl, Kowalski. Textbook of Basic Nursing. 8th Ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins, 2003:1208.)

Fig 13-7. Peritoneal dialysis. A semipermeable membrane richly supplied with small blood vessels lines the peritoneal cavity. With dialysate dwelling in the peritoneal cavity, waste products diffuse from the network of blood vessels into the dialysate.

Hemodialysis.

Hemodialysis, external arteriovenous shunt. Illustration of the medial side of the right arm with an external arteriovenous shunt uses in hemodialysis.

Hemodialysis, internal arteriovenous fistula. Illustration of the medial side of the right arm with an internal arteriovenous fistula used in hemodialysis.

FIG. 3.132. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Fat-suppressed T2-weighted image demonstrates extensive bilateral renal involvement with cysts (<italic>arrows</bold>).

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: Step 1 After applying a mask, a bag of dialysate is attached to the tube entering the patient's abdominal area so that the fluid flows into the peritoneal cavity. The mask is removed when this step is completed.