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Rabies

Mallory Zaino, MD and Laura B Bishop, M.D. Reviewed 06/2022
 


BASICS

DESCRIPTION

  • A rapidly progressive central nervous system (CNS) infection caused by a ribonucleic acid (RNA) rhabdovirus affecting humans and mammals

  • May present with symptoms of encephalitis or p...

DIAGNOSIS

Diagnosis can be made antemortem through isolation of the virus or antibodies in the serum, saliva, CSF, or nuchal biopsy and postmortem by brain biopsy. 

HISTORY

  • History of animal exposure; h...

TREATMENT

After symptoms have developed, treatment is palliative (analgesia and sedation). Postexposure prophylaxis is used for patients following exposure to rabies, but before the onset of symptoms....

ONGOING CARE

PROGNOSIS

  • If untreated, rabies has the highest case fatality rate of any infectious disease; generally considered to be 100% fatal once symptoms develop.

  • To date, fewer than 20 cases of sur...

REFERENCES

1
Jackson AC. Rabies. Handb Clin Neurol. 2014;123:601-618.
2
Aramburo  A, Willoughby  RE, Bollen  AW, et al. Failure of the Milwaukee protocol in a child with rabies. C...

ADDITIONAL READING

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Rabies. http://www.cdc.gov/rabies.

  • Moore SM. Challenges of Rabies Serology: Defining Context of Interpreta...

CODES

ICD10

  • A82.9 Rabies, unspecified

  • Z20.3 Contact with and (suspected) exposure to rabies

SNOMED

14168008 Rabies (disorder) 

CLINICAL PEARLS

  • Caused by RNA virus and transmitted by infected animal saliva

  • Rabies is a vaccine-preventable virus.

  • Seek immediate treatment if exposed to scratch, bite, or saliva of potentially infect...

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