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Renal Cell Carcinoma

Frank J. Domino, MD Reviewed 04/2024
 


BASICS

DESCRIPTION

  • Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) arises from the parenchyma of the kidney (as opposed to urothelial cancer, which arises from the renal pelvis/calyces). According to Global Cancer Observat...

DIAGNOSIS

HISTORY

  • >60% of RCCs are incidental findings in asymptomatic patients due to increased use of ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI.

  • Hematuria: 50–60%

  • Flank pain: 35–40%

  • Weight loss: 28–36%

  • Pyrexia: 7–...

TREATMENT

  • Surgery can be curative for RCC without metastases and may include either total or partial nephrectomy although up to 1/3 will eventually recur.

  • Nonsurgical procedures such as cryoablation ma...

ONGOING CARE

FOLLOW-UP RECOMMENDATIONS

Patient Monitoring

  • The majority of recurrences will occur in the first 3 years after treatment.

  • Radiographic follow-up is based on risk as established in the AUA gu...

REFERENCES

1
Nabi S, Kessler ER, Bernard B, et al. Renal cell carcinoma: a review of biology and pathophysiology. Version 1. F1000Research. 2018;7:307. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.13179.1. PMID: 295685...

ADDITIONAL READING

Bahadoram S, Davoodi M, Hassanzadeh S, et al. Renal cell carcinoma: an overview of the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment. G Ital Nefrol. 2022;39(3):2022-vol3. PMID: 3...

CODES

ICD10

  • C64.9 Malignant neoplasm of unsp kidney, except renal pelvis

  • C64.1 Malignant neoplasm of right kidney, except renal pelvis

  • C64.2 Malignant neoplasm of left kidney, except renal pelvis

  • C64 Mali...

CLINICAL PEARLS

  • RCC is the eight most common cancer in the United States, with the majority of cases detected incidentally with patients typically having advanced disease upon discovery

  • There is a know...

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