Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is defined as the onset of acute hypoxemia within 7 days of a known clinical insult, or new or worsening respiratory symptoms with bilatera...
Tachypnea and tachycardia during the first 12 to ...
Identify and treat the cause of ARDS.
Lung protective ventilation and conservative fluid therapy
Using tidal volumes of 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight with a plateau pressure...
Driving pressure and static lung compliance are important measures of lung mechanics.
Daily labs are needed until the patient is no longer critic...
ARDS is the acute onset of hypoxemia secondary to alveolar injury with a PaO2/FiO2 ≤300 mmHg and bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray.
Treatment includes identifying and treating the u...
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Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
High magnification of exudative stage of ARDS showing hyaline membranes, large atypical type 2 pneumocytes, and inflammatory cells. The alveolar structures are obscured by the intense inflammatory infiltrate.
High magnification of exudative stage of ARDS showing hyaline membranes, large atypical type 2 pneumocytes, and inflammatory cells. The al...
FIGURE 1.26. A 40-year-old man who developed a left pneumothorax while being ventilated for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A: Baseline chest radiograph shows diffuse parenchymal airspace opacity compatible with ARDS. B: A chest radiograph obtained during respiratory deterioration shows a new lucency over the region of left hemidiaphragm (deep anterior sulcus). There is also increased depth of the lateral costophrenic sulcus. The thin white line of pneumothorax is evident superi...
FIGURE 1.26. A 40-year-old man who developed a left pneumothorax while being ventilated for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A:...
<bold>FIGURE 4.6 Lateral views of the adult lungs.</bold> Knowledge of the fissures between lungs facilitates a respiratory examination. Pneumonias and other fluid accumulations can be restricted to individual lung lobes and, thus, can be detected by appreciating a line of dullness, or rubbing when the chest wall is tapped or the lungs are auscultated.
<bold>FIGURE 4.6 Lateral views of the adult lungs.</bold> Knowledge of the fissures between lungs facilitates a respiratory ex...
<bold>FIGURE 4.11 Major families of respiratory stress.</bold> Most people who have difficulty breathing suffer from bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, or some combination of these. As shown schematically, a patient can experience one, two, or all three of these conditions at once. The box perimeter indicates patients with some form of airway obstruction (11). Patients with two or more of these conditions are more common than patients with only one.
<bold>FIGURE 4.11 Major families of respiratory stress.</bold> Most people who have difficulty breathing suffer from bronchiti...
FIG. 16.2. Hyaline membrane disease and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Hyaline membrane disease. This is one of twins born at 31 weeks' gestation. The chest radiograph shows hypoaeration, diffusely opaque lung fields, air bronchograms, and loss of normal vascular shadows.
FIG. 16.2. Hyaline membrane disease and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Hyaline membrane disease. This is one of twins born at 31 weeks' gesta...
Diffuse alveolar damage (adult respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS). In ARDS, type I cells die as a result of diffuse alveolar damage. Intra-alveolar edema follows, after which there is formation of hyaline membranes composed of proteinaceous exudate and cell debris. In the acute phase, the lungs are markedly congested and heavy. Type II cells multiply to line the alveolar surface. Interstitial inflammation is characteristic. The lesion may heal completely or progress to interstitial fibrosis.
Diffuse alveolar damage (adult respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS). In ARDS, type I cells die as a result of diffuse alveolar damage. Intr...