Most patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) will develop diabetic retinopathy (DR). It is the leading cause of new cases of legal blindness among residents in the United States between...
Eye exam: measurement of visual acuity and documentation of the status of the iris, lens, vitreous, and fundus
NPDR (background)
Microaneurysms
Intraretinal hemorrhage
Lipid deposit...
The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) recommended that for most patients with T1DM with insulin-dependent DM, blood glucose levels should be as close to the non...
Yearly follow-up if no retinopathy
Every 6 months with background DR
At least every 3 to 4 months with pre-PDR
E...
E11.319 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with unspecified diabetic retinopathy without macular edema
E10.319 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with unspecified diabetic retinopathy without macular edema
E10.3...
Schedule yearly ophthalmologic eye exams.
Options for the treatment of diabetic macular edema include focal laser treatment, intravitreal , intravitreal , intravitreal (off-label), intr...
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Image of the retina afflicted with proliferative diabetic retinopathy as seen through an ophthalmoscope.
Figure 5.6. A: Fundus with diabetic retinopathy and neovascularization of the optic disc.
Figure 5.8. A: Cotton-wool spots located superotemporal to the optic nerve head.
Figure 5.9. A: Multiple, discrete, yellow, hard exudates in the posterior pole of an eye with background diabetic retinopathy.
Figure 5.34. Retinal hemorrhages with background diabetic retinopathy. Most intraretinal hemorrhages are dot and blot types, although a streak hemorrhage in the nerve fiber layer can be seen superotemporal to the optic disc. Multiple foci of yellow, hard exudate are also evident.
Figure 5.34. Retinal hemorrhages with background diabetic retinopathy. Most intraretinal hemorrhages are dot and blot types, although a st...
<bold><italic>Figure 14.60.</bold></bold> Pretibial diabetic skin changes: necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum.
<bold>Figure 11.93. Neuropathic (Charcot) joints in two diabetic patients. A.</bold> Radiographs of both feet show bilateral neuropathic joints at the first metatarsophalangeal joints (<italic>arrows</bold>). On the left there is periarticular osteopenia, indicating superimposed infection. Frontal <bold>(B)</bold> and lateral <bold>(C)</bold> knee radiographs of another patient show disintegration of the knee joint with considerable bony debris (" bag of bones") and a large joint effusion. In the past, involvement o...
<bold>Figure 11.93. Neuropathic (Charcot) joints in two diabetic patients. A.</bold> Radiographs of both feet show bilateral n...
Homeless diabetic man with painful foot showing gangrene and dystrophic nails
FIG. 11 Diabetic patient with acute spontaneous onset of low back pain and fever. <bold>A,B:</bold> Dramatic elements of two-level spondylodiscitis, L3-5, with secondary communicating psoas abscess component.
FIG. 11 Diabetic patient with acute spontaneous onset of low back pain and fever. <bold>A,B:</bold> Dramatic elements of two-l...
Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum. Atrophic patch present x 6 mo.