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Thyroid Malignant Neoplasia

Dana M Vlachos, DO and Shabia Mohammed, D.O, B.S. in Biology Reviewed 04/2024
 


BASICS

DESCRIPTION

Thyroid malignant neoplasia is an uncontrolled proliferation of cells within the thyroid gland. There are several types: 
  • Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC)

    • Differentiated tumor with pa...

DIAGNOSIS

HISTORY

  • Change in voice (dysphonia)

  • Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)

  • Difficulty breathing (dyspnea)

  • Stridor (in aggressive cancer)

  • Growing neck mass

  • Positive family history

  • History of radiation ex...

TREATMENT

GENERAL MEASURES

  • Most cases of thyroid cancer are managed surgically and medically with a good prognosis (2)[A].

  • Palliative support has a role in case of advanced thyroid malignancy (4)[C].

  • P...

ONGOING CARE

FOLLOW-UP RECOMMENDATIONS

Patient Monitoring

  • 10–30% of initially disease-free patients will develop recurrence and/or metastases. 80% recur in neck and 20% with distant metastases (lung).

  • TS...

REFERENCES

1
Francis  GL, Waguespack  SG, Bauer  AJ, et al; for American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force. Management guidelines for children with thyroid nodules and d...

SEE ALSO

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) Syndromes 

CODES

ICD10

C73 Malignant neoplasm of thyroid gland 

SNOMED

  • 94098005 Primary malignant neoplasm of thyroid gland

  • 255029007 papillary thyroid carcinoma (disorder)

  • 255028004 Follicular thyroid carcinoma

  • 25503...

CLINICAL PEARLS

  • Standard workup for a patient suspected of having a thyroid cancer is a physical exam, TSH level, neck US, and FNA.

  • TG levels can be elevated in several thyroid disorders. Its usefulnes...

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