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Toxoplasmosis

Jonathan Edward MacClements, FAAFP, MD Reviewed 06/2022
 


BASICS

  • Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite.

  • Most common latent protozoan infection

  • Clinically significant disease typically manifests only in pregnancy or in an immunocompr...

DIAGNOSIS

HISTORY

  • Congenital toxoplasmosis

    • Clinical presentation varies widely; 80% of patients are asymptomatic at birth.

    • Classic triad (uncommon): chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, cerebral calcification...

TREATMENT

GENERAL MEASURES

Immunocompetent patients usually require no treatment. 

MEDICATION

First Line

ALERT

Important: All pyrimethamine-containing regimens should include leucovorin (folinic acid 10 to...

ONGOING CARE

FOLLOW-UP RECOMMENDATIONS

Patient Monitoring

Precautions 
  • Monitor for bone marrow, renal, or liver toxicity.

  • Good hydration: Sulfadiazine is poorly soluble and may crystallize in the urine.

  • Wa...

REFERENCES

1
Torgerson  PR, Mastroiacovo  P. The global burden of congenital toxoplasmosis: a systematic review. Bull World Health Organ.  2013; 91(7): 501– 508.  [View Abs...

CODES

ICD10

  • B58.9 Toxoplasmosis, unspecified

  • P37.1 Congenital toxoplasmosis

  • B58.2 Toxoplasma meningoencephalitis

  • B58.00 Toxoplasma oculopathy, unspecified

SNOMED

  • 187192000 Toxoplasmosis (disorder)

  • 73893000 C...

CLINICAL PEARLS

  • Toxoplasmosis is typically asymptomatic in immunocompetent patients.

  • Primary prevention is important, particularly for pregnant women and immunodeficient patients.

  • The most common manife...

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