Active tuberculosis (TB) infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Primary infection or reactivation of latent infection. Risk increases with immunosuppression: highest risk firs...
Signs and symptoms
General: fever, night sweats, unintentional weight loss, malaise, painless lymph node swelling, arthralgias
Pulmonary TB: unexplained cough >2 to 3 weeks, hemoptys...
Monthly sputum for AFB smear and culture until two consecutive cultures are negative; must confirm prior to starting continuation phase. Monthly...
WHO tuberculosis program: https://www.who.int/teams/global-tuberculosis-programme/overview
Tuberculosis, CNS; Tuberculosis, Latent (LTBI); Tuberculosis, Miliary
A15.9 Respiratory tuberculosis unspecified
A15.0 Tuberculosis of lung
A19.9 Miliary tuberculosis, unspecified
A18.89 Tuberculosis of other sites
A17.9 Tuberculosis of nervous system, unspecifie...
TB is fully curable when treated appropriately.
Children and elderly patients exhibit fewer classic clinical features of TB.
TST and IGRA cannot discern active TB from LTBI.
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Necrotizing granuloma due to M. tuberculosis. A small tuberculous granuloma with conspicuous central caseation is present in the pulmonary parenchyma.
Necrotizing granuloma due to M. tuberculosis. A small tuberculous granuloma with conspicuous central caseation is present in the pulmonary...
Cavitary tuberculosis. The apex of the left upper lobe shows tuberculous cavities surrounded by consolidated and fibrotic pulmonary parenchyma, which contains small tubercles.
Cavitary tuberculosis. The apex of the left upper lobe shows tuberculous cavities surrounded by consolidated and fibrotic pulmonary parenc...
Miliary tuberculosis. Multiple millimeter-sized nodules are scattered throughout the lung parenchyma.
Tuberculous spondylitis (Pott disease). A vertebral body is almost completely replaced by tuberculous tissue. Note the preservation of the intervertebral discs.
Tuberculous spondylitis (Pott disease). A vertebral body is almost completely replaced by tuberculous tissue. Note the preservation of the...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A smear of a pulmonary lesion shows slender, beaded, acid-fast bacilli.
Miliary tuberculosis. The cut surface of the lung reveals numerous uniform, white, nodules.
FIGURE 20.3. Chest radiograph (posteroanterior view only) demonstrating the radiographic presentation of miliary tuberculosis.
FIGURE 20.4. Chest radiographs (posteroanterior and lateral views) demonstrating cavitary reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection in the posterior apical segment of the right upper lobe.
FIGURE 20.4. Chest radiographs (posteroanterior and lateral views) demonstrating cavitary reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection in...
Figure 189.1. Chest radiograph demonstrating apical infiltrate with cavitation, typical of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Gross figure showing multiple small granulomas fill the lung parenchyma, characteristic of miliary tuberculosis.