Stone formation within the urinary tract: Urinary crystals bind to form a nidus which grows to form a calculus (stone).
Range of symptoms: asymptomatic to obstructive; febrile morbidi...
Pain
Renal colic: acute onset of severe groin and/or flank pain
Distal stones may present with referred pain in labia, penile meatus, or testis.
Microscopic/gross hematuria occurs in 9...
75% of patients are successfully treated conservatively and pass the stone spontaneously.
Stones that do not pass usually require surgical intervention.
30–50% of patients will...
Patients with ureteric stones who are being treated conservatively should be followed until imaging is clear or stone is visibly passed.
Strain urine and send st...
Penniston KL, Jones AN, Nakada SY, et al. Vitamin D repletion does not alter urinary calcium excretion in healthy postmenopausal women. BJU Int. 2009;104(10):1512–1516. [View...
N20.9 Urinary calculus, unspecified
N20.0 Calculus of kidney
N20.1 Calculus of ureter
N21.0 Calculus in bladder
N21.1 Calculus in urethra
N21.8 Other lower urinary tract calculus
N21.9 Calculus o...
Incidence in industrialized countries seems to be increasing, probably due to improved diagnostics as well as to increasingly rich diets.
Vesical calculosis (bladder stones) due to maln...
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