An opening in the atrial septum, other than a patent foramen ovale (PFO)
Four major types of atrial septal defects (ASDs)
Secundum ASD
Primum ASD
Sinus venosus ASD
Coronary sinus ASD
PFO
Us...
Most infants are asymptomatic.
Older children with moderate left-to-right shunts are often asymptomatic but may have mild fatigue or dyspnea, especially with exercise.
Children with lar...
Infants with congestive heart failure should be treated with diuretics.
Elective closure is indicated for ASDs associated with large left-to-right shunts, cardiomegaly, or sym...
Children with typical auscultation, chest radiograph, and ECG findings should undergo an echocardiographic evaluation to determine the location ...
Horton SC, Bunch TJ. Patent foramen ovale and stroke. Mayo Clin Proc. 2004;79(1):79–88. [View Abstract on OvidInsights]
Kharouf R, Luxenberg DM, Khalid O, et al. Atrial septal ...
745.5 Ostium secundum type atrial septal defect
745.61 Ostium primum defect
745.8 Other bulbus cordis anomalies and anomalies of cardiac septal closure
Q21.1 Atrial septal defect
Q21.2 Atri...
Q: When should a moderate secundum ASD be closed?
A: This can generally be electively performed in children prior to their starting grade school.
Q: What is the significance of a patient having gast...
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Pathogenesis of ventricular and atrial septal defects. (A) The common atrial chamber is being separated into the right and left atria (RA and LA) by the septum primum. Because the septum primum has not yet joined the endocardial cushion material, there is an open ostium primum. The ventricular cavity is being divided by a muscular interventricular septum into right and left chambers (RV and LV). SVC, superior vena cava; IVC, inferior vena cava. (B) The septum primum has joined the endocardi...
Pathogenesis of ventricular and atrial septal defects. (A) The common atrial chamber is being separated into the right and left atria (RA ...
<bold>Figure 21.18</bold> An atrial septal defect is an abnormal opening between the right and left atria. Basically, three types of abnormalities result from incorrect development of the atrial septum. An incompetent foramen ovale is the most common defect. The ostium secundum defect results from abnormal development of the septum secundum and causes an opening in the middle of the septum. Improper development of the septum primum produces an opening at the lower end of the septum known as an os...
<bold>Figure 21.18</bold> An atrial septal defect is an abnormal opening between the right and left atria. Basically, three ty...
<bold>Figure 27.9</bold> Secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) denoted by <italic>arrow.</bold><bold>A.</bold> Transesophageal echo image. <bold>B.</bold> Intracardiac echo image. RA, right atrium; LA, left atrium; Ao, aorta.
<bold>Figure 27.9</bold> Secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) denoted by <italic>arrow.</bold><bold>A.</bo...
<bold><italic>FIGURE 4.31.</bold></bold> Apical four-chamber view recorded in a patient with an atrial septal defect after intravenous injection of contrast agent. Note the opacification of the right atrium and the right ventricle and the significant amount of contrast appearing in the left atrium, consistent with a right-to-left shunt at the atrium level, subsequently confirmed to be a secundum atrial defect.
<bold><italic>FIGURE 4.31.</bold></bold> Apical four-chamber view recorded in a patient with an atrial septal defe...
A 46-year-old woman with secundum atrial septal defect. Mean pulmonary artery pressure is 20 mm Hg. A: The heart lies in the left chest. The pulmonary artery segment (PA) is greater in caliber than the aortic arch (Ao). The pulmonary artery branches of both lungs are all dilated, sharp edged, and extend nearly to the pleura. The narrow superior mediastinum and decreased concavity in the middle of the left heart contour are caused by cardiac rotation secondary to right heart dilatation. Furt...
A 46-year-old woman with secundum atrial septal defect. Mean pulmonary artery pressure is 20 mm Hg. A: The heart lies in the left chest. T...
A 55-year-old woman with atrial septal defect and pulmonary hypertension. The pulmonary artery is dilated. The dramatic difference between the caliber of the hilar and lobar pulmonary arteries and the segmental branches is typical of pulmonary hypertension. However, these segmental arteries branch and extend toward the pleura, which is typical of shunt vessels.
A 55-year-old woman with atrial septal defect and pulmonary hypertension. The pulmonary artery is dilated. The dramatic difference between...
A case of complex congenital heart disease. Patient has situs inversus, dextrocardia, is status-post tetralogy of Fallot repair, and presents with symptoms of right-sided heart failure. A: Axial gradient echo images showing dextrocardia and right ventricular dilation. B: Sagittal gradient-echo images showing free pulmonary regurgitation (arrow) at the site of previous infundibular resection.
A case of complex congenital heart disease. Patient has situs inversus, dextrocardia, is status-post tetralogy of Fallot repair, and prese...
Atrial septal defect, isolated - Coronal view of heart with an isolated atrial septal defect allowing blood to flow between the atria
Defect, secundum atrial septal - A chest radiograph of a two-year-old patient with secundum atrial septal defect (ASD). Note cardiomegaly, right atrial prominence, upturned apex, and increased pulmonary vascular markings
Defect, secundum atrial septal - A chest radiograph of a two-year-old patient with secundum atrial septal defect (ASD). Note cardiomegaly...
Defect, secundum atrial septal - Chest radiograph of 21-year-old patient with secundum atrial septal defect (ASD). Note nearly normal heart size, prominence of left heart border with lifting of apex, prominence of the main pulmonary a., and increased pulmonary vascular markings
Defect, secundum atrial septal - Chest radiograph of 21-year-old patient with secundum atrial septal defect (ASD). Note nearly normal hea...