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Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections (Atypical Mycobacterial Infections), Pediatric

Yalda Serena Dastmalchi, MD and Rebecca Schein, MD Reviewed 10/2018
 


BASICS

DESCRIPTION

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTMB) are mycobacteria other than the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria (M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium africanum, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobac...

DIAGNOSIS

HISTORY

  • Travel history and area of residence

  • Fever history and systemic complaints

  • Length of symptoms: Longer history is characteristic.

  • Water and animal exposures

  • Trauma history

  • Recent surgery or...

TREATMENT

Treatment is variable depending on the site of infection and the specific mycobacterium isolated. In general, complete surgical excision of infected lymph nodes is curative. 

MEDICATION

  • MAI is...

ONGOING CARE

FOLLOW-UP RECOMMENDATIONS

  • Medical treatment is typically for a minimum of 3 to 6 months.

  • Follow-up should last 1 year after completion of therapy.

PATIENT EDUCATION

  • Chemoprophylaxis for patie...

ADDITIONAL READING

  • American Academy of Pediatrics. Diseases caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria. In: Kimberlin DW, Brady MT, Jackson MA, et al, eds. Red Book: 2015 Report of the Committee on Infecti...

CODES

ICD9

  • 031.9 Unspecified diseases due to mycobacteria

  • 031.1 Cutaneous diseases due to other mycobacteria

  • 031.8 Other specified mycobacterial diseases

  • 031.0 Pulmonary diseases due to other mycobacteria

  • ...

FAQ

  • Q: When should I worry about NTMB?

  • A: NTMB should be on the differential for any child with persistent lymphadenitis or a chronically draining wound.

  • Q: When should NTMB be considered as a cause of ...

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