12-month period prevalence: 10–20% of children
Lifetime prevalence: 12–50%
Dependent on u...
History to elucidate most likely cause
Musculoskeletal/trauma
Direct trauma
Worsening pain after activity
Repetitive movements causing microtrauma
Inflammatory
Morning stiffness (variable p...
If no warning signs, conservative management with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and relative rest (avoiding activities that cause or increase pain)
Supervised ...
Patients managed conservatively should be reevaluated within 2 weeks and then visits spaced further out as their pain improves.
If symptoms not improving with cons...
Agabegi SS, Kazemi N, Sturm PF, et al. Natural history of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in skeletally mature patients: a critical review. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2015;23(12):...
724.5 Backache, unspecified
724.1 Pain in thoracic spine
724.2 Lumbago
724.6 Disorders of sacrum
847.9 Sprain of unspecified site of back
720.0 Ankylosing spondylitis
M54.9 Dorsalgia, unspeci...
Q: Which children with back pain should have activity restriction?
A: Activities should be able to be performed with normal mechanics (no limping or adjustment of skills due to pain). Resting is in...
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<bold><italic>FIGURE 9-44.</bold></bold> Lumbar spondylolysis. Imaging of the lumbar spine in four separate patients with low back pain, two with L4 spondylolysis <bold>(A,B,C,D,E)</bold> and two with L5 spondylolysis <bold>(F,G,H,I,J,K)</bold> demonstrates the multimodality approach to imaging when assessing for spondylolysis/spondylolisthesis. Conventional lumbar radiographs, including lateral and bilateral obliques (A,B,C) nicely demonstrate the bony break (<italic>arrows in A</bold>) within the region of the bilateral L...
<bold><italic>FIGURE 9-44.</bold></bold> Lumbar spondylolysis. Imaging of the lumbar spine in four separate patien...
Causes of Low Back Pain Sagittal View Labeled