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Bronchiolitis (See Also: Respiratory Syncytial Virus), Pediatric

Matthew R. Schefft, DO, MSHA and Alan R. Schroeder, MD Reviewed 10/2018
 


BASICS

DESCRIPTION

Acute infection of the lower respiratory tract in infants and young children leading to mononuclear infiltration of the bronchiolar epithelium, causing edema and mucus plugging of th...

DIAGNOSIS

HISTORY

  • Generally begins as an upper respiratory infection with rhinorrhea but spreads to lower respiratory tract within 2 to 3 days

  • Often multiple sick contacts in household

  • Variable timing of...

TREATMENT

GENERAL MEASURES

  • There is substantial variation in the use of diagnostic testing, hospitalization, and treatments, but bronchiolitis is a self-limited condition that generally improves withou...

ONGOING CARE

FOLLOW-UP RECOMMENDATIONS

Patient Monitoring

  • Most infants with no underlying disease improve within 1 week.

  • A fraction of infants (~20%) will have symptoms for 3 weeks or more.

  • Clinical cours...

ADDITIONAL READING

  • Brooks CG, Harrison WN, Ralston SL. Association between hypertonic saline and hospital length of stay in acute viral bronchiolitis: a reanalysis of 2 meta-analyses. JAMA Pediatr. &#...

CODES

ICD9

  • 466.11 Acute bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

  • 466.19 Acute bronchiolitis due to other infectious organisms

ICD10

  • J21.9 Acute bronchiolitis, unspecified

  • J21.0 Acute bronchio...

FAQ

  • Q: How did my child get bronchiolitis?

  • A: Viral bronchiolitis is a common, seasonal, respiratory tract infection that is easily transmissible. It is acquired in much the same way as the common cold...

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