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Diabetes Mellitus, Type I, Pediatric

R. Paul Wadwa, MD Reviewed 10/2018
 


BASICS

DESCRIPTION

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder that causes pancreatic β-cell destruction. This destruction leads to insulin deficiency that results in hyperglycemia and disrupts energy st...

DIAGNOSIS

HISTORY

  • Duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis varies by age: may be days in toddlers, months in adolescents.

  • Polyuria, nocturia, and enuresis are related to hyperglycemia >180 mg/dL.

  • Polyd...

TREATMENT

GENERAL MEASURES

  • Insulin is administered as a fixed or flexible regimen.

  • Total daily dose (TDD)—calculated by adding up all short- and long-acting insulin given over 24 hours—usually ,0.7 to 1...

ONGOING CARE

FOLLOW-UP RECOMMENDATIONS

Patient Monitoring

  • Regular appointments with diabetes specialist every 3 months to assess management:

    • HgbA1c assessment at each visit (with generally recommended go...

ADDITIONAL READING

  • American Diabetes Association. 2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2018. Diabetes Care.  2018;41(Suppl 1):S13–S27. [View Abstract...

CODES

ICD9

  • 250.01 Diabetes mellitus without mention of complication, type I [juvenile type], not stated as uncontrolled

  • 250.91 Diabetes with unspecified complication, type I [juvenile type], not stated ...

FAQ

  • Q: What is the risk of diabetes in a sibling or child of a person with type 1 diabetes?

  • A: It is 5–10% in 1st-degree relatives (siblings, offspring) and 40–50% in identical twins.

  • Q: Should children...

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