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Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21), Pediatric

Esther K. Chung, MD, MPH Reviewed 10/2018
 


BASICS

DESCRIPTION

Syndrome first described by John Langdon Down in 1866 consisting of multiple abnormalities, including hypotonia, flat facies, upslanting palpebral fissures, and small ears; also call...

DIAGNOSIS

HISTORY

  • Check for previous history of infant with Down syndrome in the family.

  • Growth and developmental status

  • Feeding problems

  • Snoring, signs of sleep apnea (e.g., restless sleep)

  • Stool habits

  • He...

ONGOING CARE

FOLLOW-UP RECOMMENDATIONS

  • Genetic counseling and evaluation is recommended.

  • Referral to organizations (e.g., Down Syndrome International), parent-to-parent support groups, and other communi...

ADDITIONAL READING

  • Bruwier A, Chantrain CF. Hematological disorders and leukemia in children with Down syndrome. Eur J Pediatr.  2012;171(9):1301–1307. [View Abstract on OvidInsights]

  • Bull MJ; and...

CODES

ICD9

758 Down’s syndrome 

ICD10

  • Q90.9 Down syndrome, unspecified

  • Q90.2 Trisomy 21, translocation

  • Q90.1 Trisomy 21, mosaicism (mitotic nondisjunction)

  • Q90.0 Trisomy 21, nonmosaicism (meiotic nondisjunc...

FAQ

  • Q: Why was Down syndrome referred to as mongolism in the past?

  • A: There was a mistaken notion about a racial cause for this syndrome because of the facial appearance, which was thought to be simila...

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