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Gastroesophageal Reflux, Pediatric

Ninfa M. Candela, MD Reviewed 10/2018
 


BASICS

DESCRIPTION

  • Effortless regurgitation of gastric contents; occurs physiologically, with episodes typically brief and asymptomatic

  • Divided into physiologic and pathologic processes:

    • Some degree of p...

DIAGNOSIS

HISTORY

  • General symptoms of GERD:

    • Vomiting or regurgitation

    • Irritability

    • Chest/abdominal pain

    • Heartburn

    • Hematemesis, melena

    • Blood loss

    • Dysphagia

    • Food refusal or prolonged feeding

    • Cough, wheezing

    • Obstru...

TREATMENT

Treatment should be individualized, and cost effectiveness should be considered. 

GENERAL MEASURES

  • Parental reassurance and education, especially in otherwise healthy infants with physiologic ...

ONGOING CARE

FOLLOW-UP RECOMMENDATIONS

May be appropriate to recommend repeat endoscopy for evidence of pathologic changes of esophagus 

DIET

Dietary modifications in older child: Avoid large high-fat me...

ADDITIONAL READING

  • Baird DC, Harker DJ, Karmes AS. Diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux in infants and children. Am Fam Physician.  2015;92(8):705–714. [View Abstract on OvidInsight...

CODES

ICD9

530.81 Esophageal reflux 

ICD10

  • K21.9 Gastro-esophageal reflux disease without esophagitis

  • K21.0 Gastro-esophageal reflux disease with esophagitis

  • P78.83 Newborn esophageal reflux

SNOMED

  • 235595009...

FAQ

  • Q: How long will my baby suffer with GERD?

  • A: Most infant reflux resolves by 9 to 12 months of age, but symptoms may persist up to 24 months. If GERD continues after 2 to 3 years, it is more likely...

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