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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Pediatric

David C. Griffith, MD and Allison L. Agwu, MD, ScM Reviewed 10/2018
 


BASICS

DESCRIPTION

  • HIV is the etiologic agent of AIDS. HIV suppresses CD4+ T cells leading to impaired cell-mediated immunity.

  • HIV-1 is more common worldwide, whereas HIV-2 is mainly prevalent in West A...

DIAGNOSIS

HISTORY

Clinical signs, symptoms, and scenarios in which HIV testing should be performed: 
  • Infants with maternal HIV status that is unknown or positive

  • All adolescents (particularly those endor...

TREATMENT

GENERAL MEASURES

  • Active immunizations

    • All infected children receive standard childhood immunizations, including the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.

    • Infected children should receive yearly influ...

ONGOING CARE

FOLLOW-UP RECOMMENDATIONS

  • Family psychosocial support is critical.

  • All infected patients should be comanaged with an HIV specialty care site.

  • Patients should be seen every 1 to 3 months to m...

ADDITIONAL READING

  • American Academy of Pediatrics. Human immunodeficiency virus infection. In: Kimberlin DW, Brady MT, Jackson MA, et al, eds. Red Book: 2015 Report of the Committee on the Infectious ...

CODES

ICD9

  • 042 Human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] disease

  • V08 Asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection status

  • 795.71 Nonspecific serologic evidence of human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]

  • 0...

FAQ

  • Q: Should HIV-positive mothers breastfeed?

  • A: The recommendation for HIV-positive mothers in resource-rich areas is to NOT breastfeed, as breastfeeding poses continued risk of exposure and infectio...

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