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Intracranial Hemorrhage, Pediatric

Sarah Lee, MD Reviewed 10/2018
 


BASICS

DESCRIPTION

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is defined as the pathologic accumulation of blood into the epidural, subdural, subarachnoid, intraparenchymal, or intraventricular space within the cra...

DIAGNOSIS

HISTORY

  • Delivery complications

  • Head trauma

  • Infection

  • Cardiac disease

  • High-output cardiac failure

  • Patient or family history of coagulopathy

  • Drug use

  • Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: dehydration, coa...

TREATMENT

GENERAL MEASURES

  • Temperature management: Maintain normothermia; fever associated with worse neurologic outcome in adults

  • Maintain normoglycemia and euvolemia.

  • Urgent neurosurgical consultation

  • M...

ONGOING CARE

FOLLOW-UP RECOMMENDATIONS

Patient Monitoring

Long-term follow-up for signs of injury: cognitive deficits, focal weakness, seizures 

PROGNOSIS

  • Children may develop long-term focal or cognitive...

ADDITIONAL READING

  • Beslow LA, Ichord RN, Gindville MC, et al. Pediatric intracerebral hemorrhage score: a simple grading scale for intracerebral hemorrhage in children. Stroke.  2014;45(1):66–70....

CODES

ICD9

  • 432.9 Unspecified intracranial hemorrhage

  • 853.00 Other and unspecified intracranial hemorrhage following injury without mention of open intracranial wound, unspecified state of consciousness

  • 7...

FAQ

  • Q: What is the annual risk of hemorrhage in children with known AVM?

  • A: The estimated annual hemorrhagic risk is 2–4%. In 25% of patients, the hemorrhage is fatal.

  • Q: How often should an asymptomati...

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