Structural alterations in pulmonary vessel architecture (remodeling)
Smoo...
Dyspnea (usually earliest complaint reported)
Fatigue
Seen early in course of illness with exercise or exertion (but not at rest)
Seen at rest in the later stages of the illness or in se...
Provide for patient stabilization.
Treat the primary disease process.
Treat underlying hypoxia (supplemental oxygen).
Treat underlying hypoventilation:
Useful for correcting hypo...
Dependent on underlying etiology, but the overall prognosis has been improving with the advent of newer therapies
In cases of primary pulmonary hypertension, improvement of pulmon...
Abman SH, Hansmann G, Archer SL, et al; for American Heart Association Council on Cardiopulmonary, Critical Care, Perioperative and Resuscitation; Council on Clinical Cardiology; Co...
416.8 Other chronic pulmonary heart diseases
416.0 Primary pulmonary hypertension
747.83 Persistent fetal circulation
I27.2 Other secondary pulmonary hypertension
I27.0 Primary pulmonary hy...
Q: How many hours per day should supplemental oxygen be used?
A: Studies have shown decreased mortality in patients using oxygen 24 hours per day compared with patients using supplemental oxygen fo...
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FIGURE 1.32. A 60-year-old man with pulmonary hypertension due to chronic liver disease. A: On the frontal chest radiograph, the main pulmonary artery is enlarged (arrow). The right interlobar pulmonary artery is enlarged, measuring 20 mm. The normal value is 17 mm (arrows). B: On the lateral view, the left pulmonary artery is enlarged, measuring 23 mm, compared with a normal value of 20 mm.
FIGURE 1.32. A 60-year-old man with pulmonary hypertension due to chronic liver disease. A: On the frontal chest radiograph, the main pulm...
<bold><i>FIGURE 7.49.</i></bold> In this patient, recurrent pulmonary emboli resulted in right ventricular (<i>RV</i>) enlargement and pulmonary hypertension. The increase in RV size is apparent in the parasternal long-axis <bold>(A)</bold> and four-chamber <bold>(B)</bold> views. <bold>C:</bold> Doppler recording of tricuspid regurgitation velocity confirms significant pulmonary hypertension. Ao, aorta; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; RA...
<bold><i>FIGURE 7.49.</i></bold> In this patient, recurrent pulmonary emboli resulted in right ventricular (<i...
<bold><italic>FIGURE 7.56.</bold></bold> A subcostal four-chamber view demonstrates hypertrophy of the right ventricular free wall (<italic>arrow</bold>) in a patient with pulmonary hypertension. Both right-sided chambers are dilated. RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle.
<bold><italic>FIGURE 7.56.</bold></bold> A subcostal four-chamber view demonstrates hypertrophy of the right ventr...
<bold><italic>FIGURE 7.57.</bold></bold> From a patient with pulmonary hypertension, the apical four-chamber view <bold>(A)</bold> demonstrates a dilated right heart with evidence of right ventricular hypertrophy (<italic>arrows</bold>). Using the tricuspid regurgitation velocity <bold>(B)</bold>, the right ventricular systolic pressure is estimated to be 85 mm Hg. LV, left ventricle; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle.
<bold><italic>FIGURE 7.57.</bold></bold> From a patient with pulmonary hypertension, the apical four-chamber view ...
<bold><italic>Figure 14-12</bold> Pulmonary arteriole in pulmonary hypertension.</bold> High pulmonary vascular pressure injures the arterial wall and causes hyperplasia of cells in the wall of the artery.
<bold><italic>Figure 14-12</bold> Pulmonary arteriole in pulmonary hypertension.</bold> High pulmonary vascular pr...