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Germ Cell Tumors, Pediatric

Cheryl A. C. Peretz, MD and James H. Feusner, MD Reviewed 10/2018
 


BASICS

DESCRIPTION

Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are a heterogeneous group with a suspected common cell of origin, the primordial germ cell. 
  • Their location can be gonadal or extragonadal.

  • The numerous histolo...

DIAGNOSIS

HISTORY

  • GCT diagnosis should be considered for any midline tumor.

  • A history of abnormal sexual development may be an indication of an underlying sex chromosome abnormality associated with an i...

TREATMENT

MEDICATION

  • The administration of chemotherapy is based on malignant potential, local tumor extent, surgical outcomes, and the patient’s medical history.

  • The typical 1st-line chemotherapy regim...

ONGOING CARE

  • Serial physical exams and imaging studies of primary site

  • Tumor markers (AFP or β-hCG) if elevated at diagnosis

  • If chemotherapy or radiation therapy used, need to monitor for secondary mali...

ADDITIONAL READING

  • Isaacs H Jr. Perinatal (fetal and neonatal) germ cell tumors. J Pediatr Surg.  2004;39(7):1003–1013. [View Abstract on OvidInsights]

  • Murray MJ, Halsall DJ, Hook CE, et al. Ident...

CODES

ICD9

  • 199.1 Other malignant neoplasm without specification of site

  • 238.0 Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of bone and articular cartilage

  • 164.9 Malignant neoplasm of mediastinum, part unspecified

  • 183.0...

FAQ

  • Q: What is the chance of cure for immature/malignant teratomas?

  • A: With current chemotherapy as outlined earlier, overall survival is 85–97% (dependent on disease stage).

  • Q: Can a benign tumor recur...

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