A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is an opening in the ventricular septum, resulting in a communication between the left ventricle (LV) and the right ventricle (RV). The ventricular ...
Small VSD: The child is usually asymptomatic, with normal growth and development. Most commonly, a murmur is detected at 1 to 6 weeks of age.
Moderate VSD: The child is usually symptom...
Small VSD: no intervention; continued observation
Moderate VSD: If signs of CHF develop, digoxin, diuretics, afterload reduction, and increased caloric intake are indicated.
La...
Spontaneous closure: usually by age 2 years; 90% of small muscular VSDs and 8–35% of small conoventricular/membranous VSDs
Prognosis with surgical closure is excellent.
The risk of...
Aguilar NE, Eugenio Lopez J. Ventricular septal defects. Bol Asoc Med P R. 2009;101(4):23–29. [View Abstract on OvidInsights]
Hoffman JI, Kaplan S. The incidence of congenital ...
745.4 Ventricular septal defect
746.89 Other specified congenital anomalies of heart
Q21.0 Ventricular septal defect
Q24.8 Other specified congenital malformations of heart
30288003 V...
Q: Should children with a murmur consistent with a VSD undergo echocardiogram?
A: Yes, to define the location, size, and number of VSDs and any associated lesions
Q: Should children with VSD have SB...
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<bold>Fig CA 5-7 Single ventricle.</bold> (A) Frontal view from a right ventriculogram shows muscular tracts leading from the right ventricle to both great arteries, the valves of which (arrows) are at the same horizontal level. (B) A lateral view shows the anteriorly situated right ventricle (RV) communicating with the left ventricle (LV) via a ventricular septal defect (single arrows). (PA, pulmonary artery; Ao, aorta.)<sup>4</sup>
<bold>Fig CA 5-7 Single ventricle.</bold> (A) Frontal view from a right ventriculogram shows muscular tracts leading from the ...
A case of complex congenital heart disease. Patient has situs inversus, dextrocardia, is status-post tetralogy of Fallot repair, and presents with symptoms of right-sided heart failure. A: Axial gradient echo images showing dextrocardia and right ventricular dilation. B: Sagittal gradient-echo images showing free pulmonary regurgitation (arrow) at the site of previous infundibular resection.
A case of complex congenital heart disease. Patient has situs inversus, dextrocardia, is status-post tetralogy of Fallot repair, and prese...
<bold><italic>Figure 13-21</bold> Ventricular septal defect.</bold> This defect is at the upper end of the interventricular septum.
<bold><italic>Figure 13-21</bold> Ventricular septal defect.</bold> This defect is at the upper end of the interve...
Auscultation, ventricular septal defect - A small ventricular septal defect causes a holosystolic murmur that often has a slight midsystolic accentuation. The second sound is not altered
Auscultation, ventricular septal defect - A small ventricular septal defect causes a holosystolic murmur that often has a slight midsystol...
Auscultation, ventricular septal defect - Moderate ventricular septal defect permits left-to-right shunting but maintains left-ventricular-to-right ventricular pressure gradient. The increased flow through the mitral valve causes an early diastolic "flow" (ventricular filling) murmur
Auscultation, ventricular septal defect - Moderate ventricular septal defect permits left-to-right shunting but maintains left-ventricular...
Ventricular septal defect - Chest X-ray showing features of ventricular septal defect: increased pulmonary vascularity, moderate cardiomegaly, and left ventricular dilation producing "sagging" or "drooping" of the cardiac apex. Left atrial enlargement is also present
Ventricular septal defect - Chest X-ray showing features of ventricular septal defect: increased pulmonary vascularity, moderate cardiome...
Ventricular septal defect - Removal of a portion of the r. ventricular wall revealing three types of septal defects: 1, membranous; 2, muscular; 3, subpulmonic
Ventricular septal defect - Removal of a portion of the r. ventricular wall revealing three types of septal defects: 1, membranous; 2, mus...
<bold>Figure 33-39</bold> Echocardiogram 4 chamber view with color Doppler analysis demonstrates an apical musular ventricular septal defect. (LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle; VSD, ventricular septal defect.)
<bold>Figure 33-39</bold> Echocardiogram 4 chamber view with color Doppler analysis demonstrates an apical musular ventricular...
Pathogenesis of ventricular and atrial septal defects. (A) The common atrial chamber is being separated into the right and left atria (RA and LA) by the septum primum. Because the septum primum has not yet joined the endocardial cushion material, there is an open ostium primum. The ventricular cavity is being divided by a muscular interventricular septum into right and left chambers (RV and LV). SVC, superior vena cava; IVC, inferior vena cava. (B) The septum primum has joined the endocardi...
Pathogenesis of ventricular and atrial septal defects. (A) The common atrial chamber is being separated into the right and left atria (RA ...
Coronal view of the heart with a congenital ventricular septal defect. Oxygenated blood is allowed to travel from the left to right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk.
Coronal view of the heart with a congenital ventricular septal defect. Oxygenated blood is allowed to travel from the left to right ventr...
<bold>Fig CA 13-5 Ventricular septal defect.</bold> The pulmonary trunk is very large and overshadows the normal-sized aorta, which seems small by comparison. The pulmonary artery branches in the hilum and in the periphery of the lung are enlarged, and the pulmonary vascular volume is increased. The heart is enlarged and somewhat triangular.<sup>1</sup>
<bold>Fig CA 13-5 Ventricular septal defect.</bold> The pulmonary trunk is very large and overshadows the normal-sized aorta, ...