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Vesicoureteral Reflux, Pediatric

Christopher E. Bayne, MD and Michael H. Hsieh, MD, PhD Reviewed 10/2018
 


BASICS

DESCRIPTION

  • Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) occurs when urine passes from the bladder to the ureters or kidneys. VUR is either a primary (congenital) or acquired process secondary to bladder dysfunc...

DIAGNOSIS

HISTORY

  • Prenatal evaluations, including prenatal ultrasound findings of HN

  • Family history of renal disease, VUR, or UTI (may suggest inheritance of UTI-susceptible uroepithelium)

  • Voiding histor...

TREATMENT

GENERAL MEASURES

There are four management arms for children with VUR: 
  • Surveillance

  • CAP with the goal of preventing UTI and RS until VUR spontaneously downgrades or resolves

    • CAP does not treat ...

ONGOING CARE

FOLLOW-UP RECOMMENDATIONS

Patient Monitoring

Patients with RS should have annual blood pressure and urinalysis for proteinuria through adolescence. 

PROGNOSIS

The majority of patients with VU...

ADDITIONAL READING

  • Hoberman A, Greenfield SP, Mattoo TK, et al; and RIVUR Trial Investigators. Antimicrobial prophylaxis for children with vesicoureteral reflux. N Engl J Med.  2014;370(25):2367–...

CODES

ICD9

  • 593.70 Vesicoureteral reflux unspecified or without reflux nephropathy

  • 753.4 Other specified anomalies of ureter

ICD10

  • N13.70 Vesicoureteral-reflux, unspecified

  • Q62.7 Congenital vesico-uretero-r...

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